Medical Care

Two basic principles underlie the management of patients with malabsorption, (1) the correction of nutritional deficiencies, and (2) when possible, the treatment of causative diseases.

Nutritional support

Caloric and protein replacement is essential. It is crucial to supplement the patient with various minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and vitamins, which may be deficient in malabsorption.

Medium-chain triglycerides can be used as fat substitutes, because they do not require micelle formation for absorption and their route of transport is portal rather than lymphatic.

In severe intestinal disease, such as extensive regional enteritis and following a massive resection, parenteral nutrition may become necessary.

Treatment of causative diseases

A gluten-free diet helps treat celiac disease. Similarly, a lactose-free diet helps correct lactose intolerance; supplementing the first bite of milk-containing food products with a product such as Lactaid also helps.

The use of protease and lipase supplements are the therapy for pancreatic insufficiency. Antibiotics are used to treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents, such as mesalamine, and other therapies are used to treat regional enteritis. Pancreatic enzymes supplementation is the treatment for pancreatic insufficiency.

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Muhammad Bader Hammami, MD Fellow in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, St Louis University School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Douglas M Heuman, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF Chief of Hepatology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Douglas M Heuman, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association

Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Novartis for other; Received grant/research funds from Bayer for other; Received grant/research funds from Otsuka for none; Received grant/research funds from Bristol Myers Squibb for other; Received none from Scynexis for none; Received grant/research funds from Salix for other; Received grant/research funds from MannKind for other.

Chief Editor

Praveen K Roy, MD, AGAF Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine

Praveen K Roy, MD, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

Tushar Patel, MB, ChB Professor of Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center

Tushar Patel, MB, ChB is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Gastroenterological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Stephan U Goebel, MD Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine

Stephan U Goebel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Jan-Michael A Klapproth, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine

Jan-Michael A Klapproth, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Federation for Medical Research, American Gastroenterological Association, and Crohns and Colitis Foundation of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Vincent W Yang, MD, PhD R Bruce Logue Professor, Director, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Professor of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine

Vincent W Yang, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Clinical Investigation, and Association of American Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.