Treadmill Stress Testing Questions & Answers

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2. Botvinick EH. Current methods of pharmacologic stress testing and the potential advantages of new agents. J Nucl Med Technol. 2009 Mar. 37(1):14-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Cerqueira MD, Nguyen P, Staehr P, Underwood SR, Iskandrian AE. Effects of age, gender, obesity, and diabetes on the efficacy and safety of the selective A2A agonist regadenoson versus adenosine in myocardial perfusion imaging integrated ADVANCE-MPI trial results. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 May. 1(3):307-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Feil H, Seigel ML. Electrocardiographic changes during attacks of angina pectoris. Am J Med Sci. 1928. 175:255.

5. Master AM, Oppenheimer ET. A simple exercise tolerance test for circulatory efficiency with standard tables for normal individuals. Am J Med Sci. 1929. 177:223.

6. Qureshi WT, Alirhayim Z, Blaha MJ, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of incident atrial fibrillation: results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project. Circulation. 2015 May 26. 131(21):1827-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Miller TD, Askew JW, Anavekar NS. Noninvasive stress testing for coronary artery disease. Heart Fail Clin. 2016 Jan. 12(1):65-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Acampa W, Assante R, Zampella E. The role of treadmill exercise testing in women. J Nucl Cardiol. 2016 Oct. 23(5):991-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Jul. 30(1):260-311. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Oct 16. 40(8):1531-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Weintraub WS, Madeira SW Jr, Bodenheimer MM, et al. Critical analysis of the application of Bayes' theorem to sequential testing in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1984 Jul 1. 54(1):43-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Dilaveris PE, et al. Improved detection of coronary artery disease by exercise electrocardiography with the use of right precordial leads. N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 4. 340(5):340-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Morise AP. Accuracy of heart rate-adjusted ST segments in populations with and without posttest referral bias. Am Heart J. 1997 Oct. 134(4):647-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Okin PM, Kligfield P. Heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression and performance of the exercise electrocardiogram: a critical evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995 Jun. 25(7):1726-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Viik J, Lehtinen R, Malmivuo J. Detection of coronary artery disease using maximum value of ST/HR hysteresis over different number of leads. J Electrocardiol. 1999. 32 Suppl:70-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Froelicher VF, Lehmann KG, Thomas R, et al. The electrocardiographic exercise test in a population with reduced workup bias: diagnostic performance, computerized interpretation, and multivariable prediction. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Health Services #016 (QUEXTA) Study Group. Quantitative Exercise Testing and Angiography. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Jun 15. 128(12 Pt 1):965-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/NSTEMI: a report of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/NSTEMI) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interve... J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Aug 14. 50(7):e1-e157. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011 May 10. 123(18):e426-579. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/ Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011 May 10. 123(18):2022-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Lindahl B, Andren B, Ohlsson J, Venge P, Wallentin L. Risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease. Additive value of troponin T determinations and pre-discharge exercise tests. FRISK Study Group. Eur Heart J. 1997 May. 18(5):762-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Zalenski RJ, Rydman RJ, Ting S, Kampe L, Selker HP. A national survey of emergency department chest pain centers in the United States. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Jun 1. 81(11):1305-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Gibler WB, Runyon JP, Levy RC, et al. A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Jan. 25(1):1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Farkouh ME, Smars PA, Reeder GS, et al. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998 Dec 24. 339(26):1882-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Lauer MS, Francis GS, Okin PM, Pashkow FJ, Snader CE, Marwick TH. Impaired chronotropic response to exercise stress testing as a predictor of mortality. JAMA. 1999 Feb 10. 281(6):524-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Weiss SA, Blumenthal RS, Sharrett AR, Redberg RF, Mora S. Exercise blood pressure and future cardiovascular death in asymptomatic individuals. Circulation. 2010 May 18. 121(19):2109-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Al-Mallah MH, Juraschek SP, Whelton S, et al. Sex differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality: The Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 Jun. 91(6):755-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Shah BR, Cowper PA, O'Brien SM, et al. Association between physician billing and cardiac stress testing patterns following coronary revascularization. JAMA. 2011 Nov 9. 306(18):1993-2000. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Choi YJ, Kang KW, Jang SH, Kim JG, Lee SJ, Jung KT. Heart rate recovery and diastolic blood pressure ratio on the treadmill test predict an induction and recurrence of vasovagal syncope. Korean J Intern Med. 2017 Dec 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Tsougos E, Angelidis G, Gialafos E, et al. Myocardial strain may predict exercise tolerance in patients with reduced and mid-range ejection fraction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2018 Jan 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Garner KK, Pomeroy W, Arnold JJ. Exercise stress testing: indications and common questions. Am Fam Physician. 2017 Sep 1. 96(5):293-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Utsunomiya H, Hidaka T, Susawa H, et al. Exercise-stress echocardiography and effort intolerance in asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation combined invasive-noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Sep. 11(9):e007282. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

David Akinpelu, MD, FACP Emergency Medicine Attending Physician, Riverside Tappahannock Hospital/Riverside Shore Memorial Hospital, Riverside Medical Group

David Akinpelu, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Yasmine S Ali, MD, MSCI, FACC, FACP Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; President, LastSky Writing, LLC

Yasmine S Ali, MD, MSCI, FACC, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, American Medical Writers Association, National Lipid Association, Tennessee Medical Association

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: LastSky Writing;Philips Healthcare;M Health;Athena Health;PeerView Institute;Verywell Health; HealthCentral;MedEdicus;Pharmaceutical Training Institute;Elsevier;MedStudy;North American Thrombosis Forum;WellnessVerge;Prose Media; AKH, Inc.<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: North American Thrombosis Forum.

Eric H Yang, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Director of Cardiac Catherization Laboratory and Interventional Cardiology, Mayo Clinic ArizonA

Eric H Yang, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Javier M Gonzalez, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Cardiology, Citrus Cardiology Consultants

Javier M Gonzalez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology and American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP Professor of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Liu Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Division of Cardiology, LA Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Ronald J Oudiz, MD, FACP, FACC, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, and American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Actelion Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Encysive Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Gilead Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Pfizer Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; United Therapeutics Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; Lilly Grant/research funds Clinical Trials + honoraria; LungRx Clinical Trials + honoraria; Bayer Grant/research funds Consulting

Justin D Pearlman, MD, ME, PhD, FACC, MA Chief, Division of Cardiology, Director of Cardiology Consultative Service, Director of Cardiology Clinic Service, Director of Cardiology Non-Invasive Laboratory, Director of Cardiology Quality Program KMC, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School

Justin D Pearlman, MD, ME, PhD, FACC, MA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Cardiology, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, and Radiological Society of North America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

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