Murata I, Satoh K, Yoshikawa I, Masumoto A, Sasaki E, Otsuki M. Recurrent subcutaneous abscess of the sternal region in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Mar. 94(3):844-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kimura K, Hunter SF, Thollander MS, et al. Concurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Aug. 75(8):802-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Egan CA, Meadows KP, Zone JJ. Ulcerative colitis and immunobullous disease cured by colectomy. Arch Dermatol. 1999 Feb. 135(2):214-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Bernstein CN, Eliakim A, Fedail S, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines: inflammatory bowel disease: update August 2015. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Nov/Dec. 50(10):803-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Esteve M, Gisbert JP. Severe ulcerative colitis: at what point should we define resistance to steroids?. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 28. 14(36):5504-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Shen B. Crohn's disease of the ileal pouch: reality, diagnosis, and management. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Feb. 15(2):284-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P. Treatment of severe steroid refractory ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 28. 14(36):5508-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Heuschen UA, Hinz U, Allemeyer EH, et al. Backwash ileitis is strongly associated with colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2001 Mar. 120(4):841-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kaufman SS, Vanderhoof JA, Young R, Perry D, Raynor SC, Mack DR. Gastroenteric inflammation in children with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Jul. 92(7):1209-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Matsuoka K, Kobayashi T, Ueno F, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar. 53(3):305-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Himmel ME, Hardenberg G, Piccirillo CA, Steiner TS, Levings MK. The role of T-regulatory cells and Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease. Immunology. 2008 Oct. 125(2):145-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kuenzig ME, Lee SM, Eksteen B, et al. Smoking influences the need for surgery in patients with the inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis incorporating disease duration. BMC Gastroenterol. 2016 Dec 21. 16(1):143. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK. Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature. 2007 Jul 26. 448(7152):427-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lindberg E, Magnusson KE, Tysk C, Jarnerot G. Antibody (IgG, IgA, and IgM) to baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), yeast mannan, gliadin, ovalbumin and betalactoglobulin in monozygotic twins with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 1992 Jul. 33(7):909-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Barrett JC, Lee JC, Lees CW, et al. Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region. Nat Genet. 2009 Dec. 41(12):1330-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Vasiliauskas E. Serum immune markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology and Endoscopy News. Available at http://www.gastroendonews.com. October 1997;
Peeters M, Joossens S, Vermeire S, Vlietinck R, Bossuyt X, Rutgeerts P. Diagnostic value of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Mar. 96(3):730-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dubinsky MC, Ofman JJ, Urman M, Targan SR, Seidman EG. Clinical utility of serodiagnostic testing in suspected pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Mar. 96(3):758-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hoffenberg EJ, Fidanza S, Sauaia A. Serologic testing for inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr. 1999 Apr. 134(4):447-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kaditis AG, Perrault J, Sandborn WJ, Landers CJ, Zinsmeister AR, Targan SR. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody subtypes in children and adolescents after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998 Apr. 26(4):386-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Duggan AE, Usmani I, Neal KR, Logan RF. Appendicectomy, childhood hygiene, Helicobacter pylori status, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study. Gut. 1998 Oct. 43(4):494-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Andersson RE, Olaison G, Tysk C, Ekbom A. Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Mar 15. 344(11):808-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Levenstein S, Prantera C, Varvo V, et al. Stress and exacerbation in ulcerative colitis: a prospective study of patients enrolled in remission. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 May. 95(5):1213-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Almeida MG, Kiss DR, Zilberstein B, Quintanilha AG, Teixeira MG, Habr-Gama A. Intestinal mucosa-associated microflora in ulcerative colitis patients before and after restorative proctocolectomy with an ileoanal pouch. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Jul. 51(7):1113-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Felder JB, Korelitz BI, Rajapakse R, Schwarz S, Horatagis AP, Gleim G. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug. 95(8):1949-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bousvaros A, Zurakowski D, Duggan C, et al. Vitamins A and E serum levels in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease: effect of disease activity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998 Feb. 26(2):129-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garland CF, Lilienfeld AM, Mendeloff AI, Markowitz JA, Terrell KB, Garland FC. Incidence rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in fifteen areas of the United States. Gastroenterology. 1981 Dec. 81(6):1115-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cotran RS, Collins T, Robbins SL, Kumar V. Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1998.
Jang ES, Lee DH, Kim J, et al. Age as a clinical predictor of relapse after induction therapy in ulcerative colitis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2009 Sep-Oct. 56(94-95):1304-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Narula N, Alshahrani AA, Yuan Y, Reinisch W, Colombel JF. Patient-reported outcomes and endoscopic appearance of ulcerative colitis-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Feb. 17(3):411-418.e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults: American College Of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar. 105(3):501-23; quiz 524. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gooding IR, Springall R, Talbot IC, Silk DB. Idiopathic small-intestinal inflammation after colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jun. 6(6):707-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Slatter C, Girgis S, Huynh H, El-Matary W. Pre-pouch ileitis after colectomy in paediatric ulcerative colitis. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Mar. 97(3):381-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Falcone RA Jr, Lewis LG, Warner BW. Predicting the need for colectomy in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000 Mar-Apr. 4(2):201-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A, et al. Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med. 1994 Jun 30. 330(26):1841-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rowe FA, Walker JH, Karp LC, Vasiliauskas EA, Plevy SE, Targan SR. Factors predictive of response to cyclosporin treatment for severe, steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug. 95(8):2000-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr. 96(4):1116-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
de Vlam K, Mielants H, Cuvelier C, De Keyser F, Veys EM, De Vos M. Spondyloarthropathy is underestimated in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and HLA association. J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec. 27(12):2860-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cox KL, Cox KM. Oral vancomycin: treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998 Nov. 27(5):580-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marchesa P, Lashner BA, Lavery IC, et al. The risk of cancer and dysplasia among ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Aug. 92(8):1285-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kim B, Barnett JL, Kleer CG, Appelman HD. Endoscopic and histological patchiness in treated ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Nov. 94(11):3258-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Calabrese C, Fabbri A, Gionchetti P, et al. Controlled study using wireless capsule endoscopy for the evaluation of the small intestine in chronic refractory pouchitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jun 1. 25(11):1311-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bernstein CN, Fried M, Krabshuis JH, et al. World Gastroenterology Organization Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IBD in 2010. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Jan. 16(1):112-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McNamara D. New IBD guidelines aim to simplify care. Medscape Medical News. February 20, 2018. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/892853. Accessed: June 6, 2018.
Carucci LR, Levine MS. Radiographic imaging of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2002 Mar. 31(1):93-117, ix. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Eisenberg RL. Gastrointestinal Radiology: A Pattern Approach. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. 602-8.
Wiesner W, Steinbrich W. [Imaging diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease]. Ther Umsch. 2003 Mar. 60(3):137-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
van den Broek FJ, Fockens P, Dekker E. Review article: New developments in colonic imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Dec. 26 Suppl 2:91-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Deutsch DE, Olson AD. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy as the initial evaluation of pediatric patients with colitis: a survey of physician behavior and a cost analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997 Jul. 25(1):26-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Matsumoto T, Nakamura S, Jin-No Y, et al. Role of granuloma in the immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Digestion. 2001. 63 Suppl 1:43-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Basson MD, Etter L, Panzini LA. Rates of colonoscopic perforation in current practice. Gastroenterology. 1998 May. 114(5):1115. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Polter DE. Risk of colon perforation during colonoscopy at Baylor University Medical Center. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2015 Jan. 28(1):3-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Makkar R, Bo S. Colonoscopic perforation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2013 Sep. 9(9):573-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Shergill AK, Lightdale JR, Bruining DH, et al, for the Standards of Practice Committee. The role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 May. 81(5):1101-21.e1-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Boal Carvalho P, Cotter J. Mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive review. Drugs. 2017 Feb. 77(2):159-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ford AC, Achkar JP, Khan KJ, et al. Efficacy of 5-aminosalicylates in ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr. 106(4):601-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lichtenstein GR, Ramsey D, Rubin DT. Randomised clinical trial: delayed-release oral mesalazine 4.8 g/day vs. 2.4 g/day in endoscopic mucosal healing--ASCEND I and II combined analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Mar. 33(6):672-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ, Dallaire C, et al. Delayed-release oral mesalamine 4.8 g/day (800 mg tablets) compared to 2.4 g/day (400 mg tablets) for the treatment of mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis: The ASCEND I trial. Can J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec. 21(12):827-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sandborn WJ, Regula J, Feagan BG, et al. Delayed-release oral mesalamine 4.8 g/day (800-mg tablet) is effective for patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2009 Dec. 137(6):1934-43.e1-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ford AC, Khan KJ, Sandborn WJ, Kane SV, Moayyedi P. Once-daily dosing vs. conventional dosing schedule of mesalamine and relapse of quiescent ulcerative colitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Dec. 106(12):2070-7; quiz 2078. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
D'Haens G, Sandborn WJ, Barrett K, Hodgson I, Streck P. Once-daily MMX(®) mesalamine for endoscopic maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul. 107(7):1064-77. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Barber J Jr. FDA approves Uceris for ulcerative colitis. Medscape Medical News. Jan 18, 2013. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/777917. Accessed: January 28, 2013.
Sandborn WJ, Danese S, D'Haens G, et al. Induction of clinical and colonoscopic remission of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis with budesonide MMX 9 mg: pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Mar. 41(5):409-18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Uceris (budesonide) rectal foam [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ 08807: Distributed by Salix Pharmaceuticals (a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC). Rev September 2016. Available at [Full Text].
Ford AC, Bernstein CN, Khan KJ, et al. Glucocorticosteroid therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr. 106(4):590-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ford AC, Sandborn WJ, Khan KJ, et al. Efficacy of biological therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr. 106(4):644-59, quiz 660. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Singh S, George J, Boland BS, Vande Casteele N, Sandborn WJ. Primary non-response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists is associated with inferior response to second-line biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 May 25. 12(6):635-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, Feagan BG, et al. Colectomy rate comparison after treatment of ulcerative colitis with placebo or infliximab. Gastroenterology. 2009 Oct. 137(4):1250-60; quiz 1520. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hindryckx P, Novak G, Vande Casteele N, et al. Review article: dose optimisation of infliximab for acute severe ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Mar. 45(5):617-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kevans D, Murthy S, Mould DR, Silverberg MS. Accelerated clearance of infliximab is associated with treatment failure in patients with corticosteroid-refractory acute ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 May 25. 12(6):662-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Reinisch W, Sandborn WJ, Hommes DW, et al. Adalimumab for induction of clinical remission in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2011 Jun. 60(6):780-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sandborn WJ, van Assche G, Reinisch W, et al. Adalimumab induces and maintains clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2012 Feb. 142(2):257-65.e1-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Marano CW, et al. A phase 2/3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous golimumab induction therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC): Pursuit SC [abstract #943d]. Presented at: Digestive Disease Week; San Diego, California; May 21, 2012.
US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new treatment for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis [news release]. Available at https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm609225.htm. May 30, 2018; Accessed: May 31, 2018.
Sandborn WJ, Su C, Sands BE, et al, for the OCTAVE Induction 1, OCTAVE Induction 2, et al. Tofacitinib as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 4. 376(18):1723-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Eli Lilly and Company. FDA approves Lilly's Omvoh (mirikizumab-mrkz), a first-in-class treatment for adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis. Available at https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-approves-lillys-omvohtm-mirikizumab-mrkz-first-class. October 26, 2023; Accessed: October 31, 2023.
D'Haens G, Dubinsky M, Kobayashi T, and the, LUCENT Study Group. Mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 29. 388 (26):2444-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sands BE, Sandborn WJ, Panaccione R, et al, for the UNIFI Study Group. Ustekinumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Sep 26. 381(13):1201-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bristol Myers Squibb. Bristol Myers Squibb receives European Commission approval of Zeposia (ozanimod) for use in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis [press release]. Available at https://news.bms.com/news/corporate-financial/2021/Bristol-Myers-Squibb-Receives-European-Commission-Approval-of-Zeposia-ozanimod-for-use-in-Adults-with-Moderately-to-Severely-Active-Ulcerative-Colitis/default.aspx#. November 23, 2021; Accessed: November 28, 2021.
Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, D'Haens G, and the True North Study Group. Ozanimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Sep 30. 385 (14):1280-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al. Vedolizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22. 369(8):699-710. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Leblanc S, Allez M, Seksik P, et al. Successive treatment with cyclosporine and infliximab in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr. 106(4):771-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Khan KJ, Ullman TA, Ford AC, et al. Antibiotic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Apr. 106(4):661-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sakuraba A, Sato T, Naganuma M, et al. A pilot open-labeled prospective randomized study between weekly and intensive treatment of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis for active ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. 2008. 43(1):51-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Miki C, Okita Y, Yoshiyama S, Araki T, Uchida K, Kusunoki M. Early postoperative application of extracorporeal leukocyte apheresis in ulcerative colitis patients: results of a pilot trial to prevent postoperative septic complications. J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jun. 42(6):508-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Emmrich J, Petermann S, Nowak D, et al. Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) in the management of chronic active ulcerative colitis--results of a randomized pilot trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Sep. 52(9):2044-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ruuska T, Lahdeaho ML, Sutas Y, Ashorn M, Gronlund J. Leucocyte apheresis in the treatment of paediatric ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov. 42(11):1390-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Domenech E, Panes J, Hinojosa J, et al, for the ATTICA Study Group by the Grupo Espanol de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa. Addition of granulocyte/monocyte apheresis to oral prednisone for steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: a randomized multicentre clinical trial. J Crohns Colitis. 2018 May 25. 12(6):687-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zittan E, Ma GW, Wong-Chong N, et al. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a Canadian institution's experience. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017 Feb. 32(2):281-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sandborn WJ, Vermeire S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies. Lancet. 2023 Apr 8. 401 (10383):1159-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Pfizer Inc. U.S. FDA approves Pfizer’s VELSIPITY for adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). October 13, 2023. Available at https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/us-fda-approves-pfizers-velsipitytm-adults-moderately.
Sandborn WJ, et al. A phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous golimumab maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: PURSUIT-Maintenance. Presented at the American College of Gastroenterology, October 22, 2012 Las Vegas, NV.
Sandborn WJ, Travis S, Moro L, et al. Once-daily budesonide MMX® extended-release tablets induce remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: results from the CORE I study. Gastroenterology. 2012 Nov. 143(5):1218-26.e1-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rembacken BJ, Snelling AM, Hawkey PM, Chalmers DM, Axon AT. Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli versus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999 Aug 21. 354(9179):635-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tsuda Y, Yoshimatsu Y, Aoki H, et al. Clinical effectiveness of probiotics therapy (BIO-THREE) in patients with ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov. 42(11):1306-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Simchuk EJ, Thirlby RC. Risk factors and true incidence of pouchitis in patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomoses. World J Surg. 2000 Jul. 24(7):851-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Farouk R, Dozois RR, Pemberton JH, Larson D. Incidence and subsequent impact of pelvic abscess after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998 Oct. 41(10):1239-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shamberger RC, Hergrueter CA, Lillehei CW. Use of a gracilis muscle flap to facilitate delayed ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Nov. 43(11):1628-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Karlbom U, Raab Y, Ejerblad S, Graf W, Thorn M, Pahlman L. Factors influencing the functional outcome of restorative proctocolectomy in ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg. 2000 Oct. 87(10):1401-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Meagher AP, Farouk R, Dozois RR, Kelly KA, Pemberton JH. J ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis: complications and long-term outcome in 1310 patients. Br J Surg. 1998 Jun. 85(6):800-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ogilvie JW Jr, Goetz L, Baxter NN, Park J, Minami S, Madoff RD. Female sexual dysfunction after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Br J Surg. 2008 Jul. 95(7):887-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cornish JA, Tan E, Teare J, et al. The effect of restorative proctocolectomy on sexual function, urinary function, fertility, pregnancy and delivery: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007 Aug. 50(8):1128-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shen BO, Jiang ZD, Fazio VW, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul. 6(7):782-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Falk A, Olsson C, Ahrne S, Molin G, Adawi D, Jeppsson B. Ileal pelvic pouch microbiota from two former ulcerative colitis patients, analysed by DNA-based methods, were unstable over time and showed the presence of Clostridium perfringens. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug. 42(8):973-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chia CS, Chew MH, Chau YP, Eu KW, Ho KS. Adenocarcinoma of the anal transitional zone after double stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Colorectal Dis. 2008 Jul. 10(6):621-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Arias MT, Vande Casteele N, Vermeire S, et al. A panel to predict long-term outcome of infliximab therapy for patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Mar. 13(3):531-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sarigol S, Wyllie R, Gramlich T, et al. Incidence of dysplasia in pelvic pouches in pediatric patients after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999 Apr. 28(4):429-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pekow JR, Hetzel JT, Rothe JA, et al. Outcome after surveillance of low-grade and indefinite dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Aug. 16(8):1352-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Farraye FA, Melmed GY, Lichtenstein GR, Kane SV. ACG clinical guideline: preventive care in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Feb. 112(2):241-58. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Raine T, Bonovas S, Burisch J, et al. ECCO Guidelines on therapeutics in ulcerative colitis: medical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Jan 28. 16 (1):2-17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Spinelli A, Bonovas S, Burisch J, et al. ECCO Guidelines on therapeutics in ulcerative colitis: surgical treatment. J Crohns Colitis. 2022 Feb 23. 16 (2):179-89. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Holubar SD, Lightner AL, Poylin V, et al, on behalf of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical practice guidelines for the surgical management of ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021 Jul 1. 64(7):783-804. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] De Simone B, Davies J, Chouillard E, et al. WSES-AAST guidelines: management of inflammatory bowel disease in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2021 May 11. 16(1):23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Kucharzik T, Ellul P, Greuter T, et al. ECCO guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections in inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2021 Jun 22. 15(6):879-913. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Feuerstein JD, Isaacs KL, Schneider Y, et al, for the AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the management of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr. 158(5):1450-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Ko CW, Singh S, Feuerstein JD, et al, for the American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the management of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2019 Feb. 156(3):748-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, Sauer BG, Long MD. ACG clinical guideline: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Mar. 114(3):384-413. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Swift D. Updated UC guideline adds mucosal healing to treatment goal. Medscape Medical News. March 4, 2019. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/909801. Accessed: March 20, 2019.
[Guideline] Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut. 2019 Dec. 68(Suppl 3):s1-s106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
American Gastroenterological Association. New guideline provides recommendations for the treatment of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. January 9, 2019. Available at https://www.gastro.org/press-release/new-guideline-provides-recommendations-for-the-treatment-of-mild-to-moderate-ulcerative-colitis. Accessed: March 20, 2019.
Parente F, Molteni M, Marino B, et al. Are colonoscopy and bowel ultrasound useful for assessing response to short-term therapy and predicting disease outcome of moderate-to-severe forms of ulcerative colitis?: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 May. 105(5):1150-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moran CP, Neary B, Doherty GA. Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Dec 16. 8(20):723-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Andersson T, Lunde OC, Johnson E, Moum T, Nesbakken A. Long-term functional outcome and quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy with ileo-anal anastomosis for colitis. Colorectal Dis. 2011 Apr. 13(4):431-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Brooks M. FDA approves new indication for Simponi. Medscape Medical News. May 15, 2013. [Full Text].
Charron M, del Rosario JF, Kocoshis S. Use of technetium-tagged white blood cells in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: is differential diagnosis possible?. Pediatr Radiol. 1998 Nov. 28(11):871-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Choi JS, Potenti F, Wexner SD, et al. Functional outcomes in patients with mucosal ulcerative colitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by the double stapling technique: is there a relation to tissue type?. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Oct. 43(10):1398-404. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cottliar A, Fundia A, Boerr L, et al. High frequencies of telomeric associations, chromosome aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Sep. 95(9):2301-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cucchiara S, Celentano L, de Magistris TM, Montisci A, Iula VD, Fecarotta S. Colonoscopy and technetium-99m white cell scan in children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr. 1999 Dec. 135(6):727-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
da Luz Moreira A, Kiran RP, Lavery I. Clinical outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg. 2010 Jan. 97(1):65-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Durno C, Sherman P, Harris K, et al. Outcome after ileoanal anastomosis in pediatric patients with ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998 Nov. 27(5):501-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ekbom A, Helmick C, Zack M, Adami HO. Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study. N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 1. 323(18):1228-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fonkalsrud EW, Bustorff-Silva J. Reconstruction for chronic dysfunction of ileoanal pouches. Ann Surg. 1999 Feb. 229(2):197-204. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Fonkalsrud EW, Thakur A, Roof L. Comparison of loop versus end ileostomy for fecal diversion after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. J Am Coll Surg. 2000 Apr. 190(4):418-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gorfine SR, Bauer JJ, Harris MT, Kreel I. Dysplasia complicating chronic ulcerative colitis: is immediate colectomy warranted?. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Nov. 43(11):1575-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hunt LE, Eichenberger MR, Petras R, Galandiuk S. Use of a microsatellite marker in predicting dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. Arch Surg. 2000 May. 135(5):582-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Metcalf DR, Nivatvongs S, Sullivan TM, Suwanthanma W. A technique of extending small-bowel mesentery for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008 Mar. 51(3):363-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rutter MD, Saunders BP, Wilkinson KH, et al. Thirty-year analysis of a colonoscopic surveillance program for neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2006 Apr. 130(4):1030-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shamberger RC, Masek BJ, Leichtner AM, Winter HS, Lillehei CW. Quality-of-life assessment after ileoanal pull-through for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Jan. 34(1):163-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Treem WR, Cohen J, Davis PM, Justinich CJ, Hyams JS. Cyclosporine for the treatment of fulminant ulcerative colitis in children. Immediate response, long-term results, and impact on surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 May. 38(5):474-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bezzio C, Festa S, Saibeni S, Papi C. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: digging deep in current evidence. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Apr. 11(4):339-347. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Feuerstein JD, Nguyen GC, Kupfer SS, Falck-Ytter Y, Singh S, for the American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2017 Sep. 153(3):827-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Dharmaraj R, Dasgupta M, Simpson P, Noe J. Predictors of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 Dec. 63(6):e210-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rinawi F, Assa A, Eliakim R, et al. Predictors of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric-onset ulcerative colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Sep. 29(9):1079-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
