Tracheoesophageal Fistula Questions & Answers

Updated: Nov 07, 2018
  • Author: Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC; Chief Editor: Vinay K Kapoor, MBBS, MS, FRCSEd, FICS, FAMS  more...
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Questions & Answers

Overview

What is tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are the main categories of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

How is tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) usually diagnosed?

When was the first successful repair of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the pathophysiology of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the importance of embryology in the pathogenesis of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the pathophysiology of acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the pathophysiology of acquired malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What causes tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the prevalence of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in the US?

How does the incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) vary by age?

What is the prognosis of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the mortality and morbidity of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are the complications of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

Presentation

Which clinical history is characteristic of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

Which physical findings are characteristic of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

DDX

When should a diagnosis of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) be considered?

Which conditions should be included in the differential diagnoses of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are the differential diagnoses for Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

Workup

What is the role of prenatal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is the role of imaging studies in the postnatal diagnosis of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

How is acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) diagnosed?

What is the role of esophagoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

Treatment

Where should patients be treated for tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are the treatment options for tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are the treatment options for malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What is included in preoperative care for congenital tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

How is surgical repair of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) performed?

What is included in postoperative care following repair of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

What are possible complications of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair and how are they managed?

How is esophageal atresia managed in patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

How is acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) treated surgically?

How is acquired malignant tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) treated surgically?

Which medical personnel provide consultation to patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

How is acquired tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) prevented?