Short-Bowel Syndrome Questions & Answers

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8. Taha AM, Sharif K, Johnson T, Clarke S, Murphy MS, Gupte GL. Long-term outcomes of isolated liver transplantation for short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Apr. 54 (4):547-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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17. Sundaram A, Koutkia P, Apovian CM. Nutritional management of short bowel syndrome in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002 Mar. 34 (3):207-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Ladefoged K, Hessov I, Jarnum S. Nutrition in short-bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1996. 216:122-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Nightingale JM, Lennard-Jones JE. The short bowel syndrome: what's new and old?. Dig Dis. 1993. 11 (1):12-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Moreno JM, Planas M, Lecha M, Virgili N, Gómez-Enterría P, Ordóñez J, et al. [The year 2002 national register on home-based parenteral nutrition]. Nutr Hosp. 2005 Jul-Aug. 20 (4):249-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Stollman TH, de Blaauw I, Wijnen MH, van der Staak FH, Rieu PN, Draaisma JM, et al. Decreased mortality but increased morbidity in neonates with jejunoileal atresia; a study of 114 cases over a 34-year period. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Jan. 44 (1):217-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Lennard-Jones JE. Indications and need for long-term parenteral nutrition: implications for intestinal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1990 Dec. 22 (6):2427-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Byrne TA, Persinger RL, Young LS, Ziegler TR, Wilmore DW. A new treatment for patients with short-bowel syndrome. Growth hormone, glutamine, and a modified diet. Ann Surg. 1995 Sep. 222 (3):243-54; discussion 254-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Howard L, Ament M, Fleming CR, Shike M, Steiger E. Current use and clinical outcome of home parenteral and enteral nutrition therapies in the United States. Gastroenterology. 1995 Aug. 109 (2):355-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Wilmore DW, Byrne TA, Persinger RL. Short bowel syndrome: new therapeutic approaches. Curr Probl Surg. 1997 May. 34 (5):389-444. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN. Short-bowel syndrome in children and adults. Gastroenterology. 1997 Nov. 113 (5):1767-78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Cavicchi M, Beau P, Crenn P, Degott C, Messing B. Prevalence of liver disease and contributing factors in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition for permanent intestinal failure. Ann Intern Med. 2000 Apr 4. 132 (7):525-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Klein S, Nealon WH. Hepatobiliary abnormalities associated with total parenteral nutrition. Semin Liver Dis. 1988 Aug. 8 (3):237-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Quigley EM, Marsh MN, Shaffer JL, Markin RS. Hepatobiliary complications of total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 1993 Jan. 104 (1):286-301. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Puder M, Valim C, Meisel JA, Le HD, de Meijer VE, Robinson EM, et al. Parenteral fish oil improves outcomes in patients with parenteral nutrition-associated liver injury. Ann Surg. 2009 Sep. 250 (3):395-402. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Gorczynski RM. Immunosuppression induced by hepatic portal venous immunization spares reactivity in IL-4 producing T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett. 1992 Jun. 33 (1):67-77. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Cosnes J, Gendre JP, Evard D, Le Quintrec Y. Compensatory enteral hyperalimentation for management of patients with severe short bowel syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 May. 41 (5):1002-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Scolapio JS, Fleming CR. Short bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1998 Jun. 27 (2):467-79, viii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Booth IW. Enteral nutrition as primary therapy in short bowel syndrome. Gut. 1994 Jan. 35 (1 Suppl):S69-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Carbonnel F, Cosnes J, Chevret S, Beaugerie L, Ngô Y, Malafosse M, et al. The role of anatomic factors in nutritional autonomy after extensive small bowel resection. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1996 Jul-Aug. 20 (4):275-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Nightingale JM, Lennard-Jones JE, Walker ER, Farthing MJ. Jejunal efflux in short bowel syndrome. Lancet. 1990 Sep 29. 336 (8718):765-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Woolf GM, Miller C, Kurian R, Jeejeebhoy KN. Nutritional absorption in short bowel syndrome. Evaluation of fluid, calorie, and divalent cation requirements. Dig Dis Sci. 1987 Jan. 32 (1):8-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Wilmore DW, Lacey JM, Soultanakis RP, Bosch RL, Byrne TA. Factors predicting a successful outcome after pharmacologic bowel compensation. Ann Surg. 1997 Sep. 226 (3):288-92; discussion 292-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Gattex (teduglutide) [package insert]. Lexington, MA: Shire-NPS Pharmaceutics, Inc. May 2019. Available at [Full Text].

40. Carter BA, Cohran VC, Cole CR, Corkins MR, Dimmitt RA, Duggan C, et al. Outcomes from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Teduglutide in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome. J Pediatr. 2017 Feb. 181:102-111.e5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

41. Nakamura S, Wada M, Mizushima T, Sugita A, Tazuke Y, Ohge H, et al. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of teduglutide in adult Japanese patients with short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure: two phase III studies with an extension. Surg Today. 2023 Mar. 53 (3):347-359. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Jeppesen PB, Pertkiewicz M, Messing B, Iyer K, Seidner DL, O'keefe SJ, et al. Teduglutide reduces need for parenteral support among patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure. Gastroenterology. 2012 Dec. 143 (6):1473-1481.e3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. [Guideline] Van Gossum A, Cabre E, Hébuterne X, Jeppesen P, Krznaric Z, Messing B, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: gastroenterology. Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug. 28 (4):415-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Wallis K, Walters JR, Gabe S. Short bowel syndrome: the role of GLP-2 on improving outcome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Sep. 12 (5):526-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Farthing MJ. Octreotide in dumping and short bowel syndromes. Digestion. 1993. 54 Suppl 1:47-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Thompson JS, Langnas AN, Pinch LW, Kaufman S, Quigley EM, Vanderhoof JA. Surgical approach to short-bowel syndrome. Experience in a population of 160 patients. Ann Surg. 1995 Oct. 222 (4):600-5; discussion 605-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Thompson JS, Langnas AN. Surgical approaches to improving intestinal function in the short-bowel syndrome. Arch Surg. 1999 Jul. 134 (7):706-9; discussion 709-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Panis Y, Messing B, Rivet P, Coffin B, Hautefeuille P, Matuchansky C, et al. Segmental reversal of the small bowel as an alternative to intestinal transplantation in patients with short bowel syndrome. Ann Surg. 1997 Apr. 225 (4):401-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Javid PJ, Kim HB, Duggan CP, Jaksic T. Serial transverse enteroplasty is associated with successful short-term outcomes in infants with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Jun. 40 (6):1019-23; discussion 1023-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Oliveira C, de Silva N, Wales PW. Five-year outcomes after serial transverse enteroplasty in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2012 May. 47 (5):931-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Todo S, Reyes J, Furukawa H, Abu-Elmagd K, Lee RG, Tzakis A, et al. Outcome analysis of 71 clinical intestinal transplantations. Ann Surg. 1995 Sep. 222 (3):270-80; discussion 280-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Langnas AN, Shaw BW Jr, Antonson DL, Kaufman SS, Mack DR, Heffron TG, et al. Preliminary experience with intestinal transplantation in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1996 Apr. 97 (4):443-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Abu-Elmagd K, Reyes J, Todo S, Rao A, Lee R, Irish W, et al. Clinical intestinal transplantation: new perspectives and immunologic considerations. J Am Coll Surg. 1998 May. 186 (5):512-25; discussion 525-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Sudan D, Thompson J, Botha J, Grant W, Antonson D, Raynor S, et al. Comparison of intestinal lengthening procedures for patients with short bowel syndrome. Ann Surg. 2007 Oct. 246 (4):593-601; discussion 601-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Abu-Elmagd K, Fung J, Bueno J, Martin D, Madariaga JR, Mazariegos G, et al. Logistics and technique for procurement of intestinal, pancreatic, and hepatic grafts from the same donor. Ann Surg. 2000 Nov. 232 (5):680-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Fitzgibbons S, Ching YA, Valim C, Zhou J, Iglesias J, Duggan C, et al. Relationship between serum citrulline levels and progression to parenteral nutrition independence in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2009 May. 44 (5):928-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Burt Cagir, MD, FACS Associate Regional Dean and Professor of Surgery, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine; Director, General Surgery Residency Program, Executive Director, Donald Guthrie Foundation for Research and Education, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital; Medical Director, Guthrie/RPH Skills and Simulation Lab; Associate in Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital and Corning Hospital

Burt Cagir, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, Association of Program Directors in Surgery, Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael AJ Sawyer, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Surgery, Comanche County Memorial Hospital; Medical Director, Lawton Bariatrics

Michael AJ Sawyer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Society of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

David L Morris, MD, PhD, FRACS Professor, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Australia

David L Morris, MD, PhD, FRACS is a member of the following medical societies: British Society of Gastroenterology

Disclosure: Received none from RFA Medical for director; Received none from MRC Biotec for director.

John Geibel, MD, MSc, DSc, AGAF Vice Chair and Professor, Department of Surgery, Section of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Professor, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine; Director of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Yale-New Haven Hospital; American Gastroenterological Association Fellow; Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine

John Geibel, MD, MSc, DSc, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Physiological Society, American Society of Nephrology, Association for Academic Surgery, International Society of Nephrology, New York Academy of Sciences, Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Juan B Ochoa, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Medical and Scientific Director, HCN, Nestle Healthcare Nutrition

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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