Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Questions & Answers

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15. Wetter DA, Camilleri MJ. Clinical, etiologic, and histopathologic features of Stevens-Johnson syndrome during an 8-year period at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Feb. 85(2):131-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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17. Azumagawa K, Kambara Y, Murata T, Tamai H. Four cases of arthritis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Int. 2008 Aug. 50(4):511-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Csábi G, Komáromy H, Hollódy K. Transverse myelitis as a rare, serious complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Oct. 41(4):312-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Narita M. Pathogenesis of neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Sep. 41(3):159-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Neumayr L, Lennette E, Kelly D, Earles A, Embury S, Groncy P, et al. Mycoplasma disease and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Pediatrics. 2003 Jul. 112(1 Pt 1):87-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Wang K, Gill P, Perera R, Thomson A, Mant D, Harnden A. Clinical symptoms and signs for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children and adolescents with community-acquired pneumonia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Oct 17. 10:CD009175. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Rahimian M, HosseiniB M. Serological study of Bordetella Pertussis, Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Chlamydia Pneumonia in Iranian hajj pilgrims with prolonged cough illnesses: A follow-up study. Respir Med. 2017 Nov. 132:122-131. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Kong K, Ding Y, Wu B, Lu M, Gu H. Clinical Predictors of Wheezing Among Children Infected With Mycoplasma Pneumoniae. Front Pediatr. 2021. 9:693658. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Cramer L, Emara DM, Gadre AK. Mycoplasma an unlikely cause of bullous myringitis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2012 Jun. 91 (6):E30-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Mellick LB, Verma N. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bullous myringitis myth. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Dec. 26 (12):966-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Mellick LB, Verma N. The Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bullous myringitis myth. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Dec. 26(12):966-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Kotikoski MJ, Kleemola M, Palmu AA. No evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute myringitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 May. 23(5):465-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Palmu AA, Kotikoski MJ, Kaijalainen TH, Puhakka HJ. Bacterial etiology of acute myringitis in children less than two years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Jun. 20(6):607-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Roberts DB. The etiology of bullous myringitis and the role of mycoplasmas in ear disease: a review. Pediatrics. 1980 Apr. 65(4):761-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Kim SH, Lee E, Song ES, Lee YY. Clinical Significance of Pleural Effusion in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children. Pathogens. 2021 Aug 25. 10 (9):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Reittner P, Müller NL, Heyneman L, Johkoh T, Park JS, Lee KS, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: radiographic and high-resolution CT features in 28 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Jan. 174(1):37-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Ma LD, Chen B, Dong Y, Fan J, Xia L, Wang SZ, et al. Rapid mycoplasma culture for the early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Clin Lab Anal. 2010. 24(4):224-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Onari S, Okada T, Okada T, Okano S, Kakuta O, Kutsuma H, et al. Immunochromatography test for rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Int. 2017 Oct. 59 (10):1123-1125. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Song M, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang C, Tao M, Tang Y, et al. A sensitive and rapid immunoassay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with pneumonia based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 27. 7 (1):16442. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Dumke R, Strubel A, Cyncynatus C, Nuyttens H, Herrmann R, Lück C, et al. Optimized serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 Jun. 73(2):200-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Zhao F, Cao B, He LH, et al. Evaluation of a new real-time PCR assay for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical specimens. Biomed Environ Sci. 2012 Feb. 25(1):77-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Mustafa MI, Al-Marzooq F, How SH, Kuan YC, Ng TH. The use of multiplex real-time PCR improves the detection of the bacterial etiology of community acquired pneumonia. Trop Biomed. 2011 Dec. 28(3):531-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Di Marco E, Cangemi G, Filippetti M, Melioli G, Biassoni R. Development and clinical validation of a real-time PCR using a uni-molecular Scorpion-based probe for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical isolates. New Microbiol. 2007 Oct. 30(4):415-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Gullsby K, Storm M, Bondeson K. Simultaneous detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae by use of molecular beacons in a duplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Feb. 46(2):727-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

40. Chen CJ, Hung MC, Kuo KL, Chung JL, Wu KG, Hwang BT, et al. The role of eosinophil cationic protein in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Chin Med Assoc. 2008 Jan. 71(1):37-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Llibre JM, Urban A, Garcia E, Carrasco MA, Murcia C. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1997 Dec. 25(6):1340-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Nagashima M, Higaki T, Satoh H, Nakano T. Cardiac thrombus associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010 Dec. 11(6):849-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Li CM, Gu L, Yin SJ, et al. Age-specific Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia-associated myocardial damage in children. J Int Med Res. 2013 Oct. 41(5):1716-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Daxboeck F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae central nervous system infections. Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Aug. 19(4):374-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Smith R, Eviatar L. Neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: diverse spectrum of diseases. A report of six cases and review of the literature. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2000 Apr. 39(4):195-201. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Koskiniemi M. CNS manifestations associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: summary of cases at the University of Helsinki and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Aug. 17 Suppl 1:S52-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Luby JP. Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Clin Chest Med. 1991 Jun. 12(2):237-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Kurata M, Kano Y, Sato Y, Hirahara K, Shiohara T. Synergistic Effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Drug Reaction on the Development of Atypical Stevens-Johnson Syndrome in Adults. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016 Jan. 96 (1):111-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

49. Kaler J, Mukhtar O, Khan B, Shrestha B, Kaler R, Ting B, et al. Rhabdomyolysis: An Unusual Presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in an Adult-A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Med. 2018. 2018:6897975. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Khan FY, Sayed H. Rhabdomyolysis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Hong Kong Med J. 2012 Jun. 18(3):247-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Oishi T, Narita M, Ohya H, et al. Rhabdomyolysis associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 May. 18(5):849-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

52. Moon HJ, Yang JK, In DH, Kwun DH, Jo HH, Chang SH. A Case of a 14-year-old Girl Who Developed Dermatomyositis Associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia Infection. Soonchunhyang Med Sci. December 2015. 21:130-33. [Full Text].

53. Liu EM, Janigian RH. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: the other masquerader. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Feb. 131(2):251-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Smith LG. Mycoplasma pneumonia and its complications. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Mar. 24(1):57-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Biondi E, McCulloh R, Alverson B, Klein A, Dixon A. Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2014 Jun. 133(6):1081-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Colin AA, Yousef S, Forno E, Korppi M. Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric lower respiratory infection. Pediatrics. 2014 Jun. 133(6):1124-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Cardinale F, Chironna M, Chinellato I, Principi N, Esposito S. Clinical relevance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae macrolide resistance in children. J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Feb. 51(2):723-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

58. Kawai Y, Miyashita N, Kubo M, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of macrolides, minocycline, and tosufloxacin against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 May. 57(5):2252-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

59. Uh Y, Hong JH, Oh KJ, et al. Macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its detection rate by real-time PCR in primary and tertiary care hospitals. Ann Lab Med. 2013 Nov. 33(6):410-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic Treatment and Resistance. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/atypical/mycoplasma/hcp/antibiotic-treatment-resistance.html. April 13, 2018; Accessed: December 28, 2018.

61. Pereyre S, Goret J, Bébéar C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Current Knowledge on Macrolide Resistance and Treatment. Front Microbiol. 2016. 7:974. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Todd SR, Dahlgren FS, Traeger MS, Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Marianos DW, Hamilton C, et al. No visible dental staining in children treated with doxycycline for suspected Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. J Pediatr. 2015 May. 166 (5):1246-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

Michael Joseph Bono, MD, FACEP Professor of Emergency Medicine, Vice Chair, Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School

Michael Joseph Bono, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Emergency Physicians, Medical Society of Virginia, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Paul Blackburn, DO, FACOEP, FACEP Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center

Paul Blackburn, DO, FACOEP, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Arizona Medical Association, American College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Guy W Soo Hoo, MD, MPH Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

Guy W Soo Hoo, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Respiratory Care, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Thoracic Society, California Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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