Author
Jeffery W Wells, MD Staff Physician, Department of Comprehensive Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute
Jeffery W Wells, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Neerav Goyal, MD, MPH, FACS Associate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Neurosurgery, Public Health Sciences, and Surgery, Chief, Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Associate Director, Skull Base and Pituitary Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State Health, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Cancer Institute
Neerav Goyal, MD, MPH, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Head and Neck Society, American Medical Association, Hobart Amory Hare Honor Society, North American Skull Base Society, Pennsylvania Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Society of University Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons
Disclosure: Received research grant from: Medrobotics, Inc; Synthes, Inc, LivaNova.
Chief Editor
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA Emeritus Professor of Otolaryngology, Dentistry, and Engineering, University of Colorado School of Medicine
Arlen D Meyers, MD, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Cerescan; Neosoma; MI10;<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Neosoma; Cyberionix (CYBX)<br/>Received ownership interest from Cerescan for consulting for: Neosoma, MI10 advisor.
Additional Contributors
Talib Najjar, DMD, MDS, PhD Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine
Talib Najjar, DMD, MDS, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Marcus M Monroe, MD Attending Physician/Surgeon, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine
Marcus M Monroe, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Rhinologic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Murad Alam, MD Associate Professor of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Surgery; Chief, Section of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University; Director, Mohs Micrographic Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Murad Alam, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology, American Dermatological Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society of Cosmetic Dermatology and Aesthetic Surgery, American Society of Transplantation, Dermatology Foundation, Illinois Dermatological Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Society for Investigative Dermatology, and Women's Dermatologic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Laurence M Baibak, MD, FACS
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
William Joseph Campbell, MD Resident Physician, Department of Surgery, University of Florida
William Joseph Campbell, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and American Medical Student Association/Foundation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Gregory Caputy, MD, PhD, FICS Chief Surgeon, Aesthetica Plastic and Laser Surgery Center, Inc
Gregory Caputy, MD, PhD, FICS is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, Canadian Medical Association, International College of Surgeons, International College of Surgeons US Section, Pan-Pacific Surgical Association, and Wound Healing Society
Disclosure: Syneron Corporation Salary Speaking and teaching
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chief, Division of Plastic Surgery, Residency Program Director, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, and Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Christopher DeBacker, MD Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Christopher DeBacker, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Robert M Dryden, MD, FACS Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona School of Medicine
Robert M Dryden, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Mark T Duffy, MD, PhD Consulting Staff, Division of Oculoplastic, Orbito-facial, Lacrimal and Reconstructive Surgery, Green Bay Eye Clinic, BayCare Clinic; Medical Director, Advanced Cosmetic Solutions, A BayCare Clinic
Mark T Duffy, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sigma Xi, and Society for Neuroscience
Disclosure: Allergan - Botox Cosmetic Consulting fee Consulting
Dirk M Elston, MD Director, Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York
Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Jerre Freeman, MD Founder and Chairman, Memphis Eye and Cataract Associates; Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine
Jerre Freeman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Medical Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Tennessee Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS Consulting Staff, Private Practice
Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Glenn Goldman, MD
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Neil D Gross, MD Assistant Professor of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University
Neil D Gross, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Association for Cancer Research, American College of Surgeons, and American Head and Neck Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Stephen D Hess, MD, PhD
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Shahin Javaheri, MD Chief, Department of Plastic Surgery, Martinez Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic; Consulting Staff, Advanced Aesthetic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Shahin Javaheri, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lorraine Jennings, MBBCh, MRCPI Fellow, Department of Dermatology, Mohs Micrographic Surgery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Lorraine Jennings, MBBCh, MRCPI is a member of the following medical societies: British Association of Dermatologists, International Transplant and Skin Cancer Collaborative (ITSCC), Irish Association of Dermatologists, Photomedicine Society, and Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lawrence Ketch, MD, FAAP, FACS Head, Program Director, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Chief, Pediatric Plastic, The Children's Hospital of Denver
Lawrence Ketch, MD, FAAP, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, andPlastic Surgery Research Council
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Simon K Law, MD, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Glaucoma Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Deepak Narayan, MD, FRCS Associate Professor of Surgery (Plastic), Yale University School of Medicine; Chief of Plastic Surgery, West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Deepak Narayan, MD, FRCS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Indian Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and Royal College of Surgeons of England
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Samia Nawaz, MBBS, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Science Center
Samia Nawaz, MBBS, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society of Cytopathology, and International Academy of Pathology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Ron W Pelton, MD, PhD Private Practice, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Ron W Pelton, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, AO Foundation, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Christopher J Rapuano, MD Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of the Cornea Service, Co-Director of Refractive Surgery Department, Wills Eye Institute
Christopher J Rapuano, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists, Cornea Society, Eye Bank Association of America, International Society of Refractive Surgery, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Consulting; Alcon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Inspire Honoraria Speaking and teaching; RPS Ownership interest Other; Vistakon Honoraria Speaking and teaching; EyeGate Pharma Consulting; Inspire Consulting fee Consulting; Bausch & Lomb Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Bausch & Lomb Consulting fee Consulting
Hampton Roy Sr, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Hampton Roy Sr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American College of Surgeons, and Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Debjani Sahni, MBBS, MRCP Cutaneous Oncology Fellow, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
M Sherif Said, MD, PhD, FCAP Associate Professor of Pathology, Director of Head and Neck Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Denver
M Sherif Said, MD, PhD, FCAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology and College of American Pathologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Noah S Scheinfeld, MD, JD, FAAD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Consulting Staff, Department of Dermatology, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, Beth Israel Medical Center, and New York Eye and Ear Infirmary; Private Practice
Noah S Scheinfeld, MD, JD, FAAD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology
Disclosure: Optigenex Consulting fee Independent contractor
Chrysalyne D Schmults, MD, MSCE Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School; Director, Mohs Micrographic Surgery Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Center
Chrysalyne D Schmults, MD, MSCE is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, and International Society for Dermatologic Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Marvin Spann, MD Staff Physician, Department of General Surgery, New York Hospital Queens
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Wayne Karl Stadelmann, MD Stadelmann Plastic Surgery, PC
Wayne Karl Stadelmann, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, New Hampshire Medical Society, Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment
Mia Talmor, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Mia Talmor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons and American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
R Stan Taylor, MD The JB Howell Professor in Melanoma Education and Detection, Departments of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Director, Skin Surgery and Oncology Clinic, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
R Stan Taylor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American College of Mohs Surgery, American Dermatological Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Christian Medical & Dental Society, and Society for Investigative Dermatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Charles W Vaughan, MD, FACS Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Michael J Wells, MD Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine
Michael J Wells, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Michael T Yen, MD Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Plastic, Lacrimal, and Orbital Surgery, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine
Michael T Yen, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Marc S Zimbler, MD, FACS Director of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Director of Residency Education, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center
Marc S Zimbler, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
