Prostate Cancer Questions & Answers

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36. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Risk assessment for prostate cancer metastasis and mortality at the time of diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jun 16. 101(12):878-87. [Medline]. [Full Text].

37. Kenfield SA, Stampfer MJ, Chan JM, Giovannucci E. Smoking and prostate cancer survival and recurrence. JAMA. 2011 Jun 22. 305(24):2548-55. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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39. Li WQ, Qureshi AA, Ma J, Goldstein AM, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, et al. Personal History of Prostate Cancer and Increased Risk of Incident Melanoma in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Nov 4. [Medline].

40. Lamy PJ, Allory Y, Gauchez AS, Asselain B, Beuzeboc P, de Cremoux P, et al. Prognostic Biomarkers Used for Localised Prostate Cancer Management: A Systematic Review. Eur Urol Focus. 2018 Dec. 4 (6):790-803. [Medline].

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42. Naji L, Randhawa H, Sohani Z, Dennis B, Lautenbach D, Kavanagh O, et al. Digital Rectal Examination for Prostate Cancer Screening in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2018 Mar. 16 (2):149-154. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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44. Pinsky PF, Prorok PC, Yu K, Kramer BS, Black A, Gohagan JK, et al. Extended mortality results for prostate cancer screening in the PLCO trial with median follow-up of 15 years. Cancer. 2017 Feb 15. 123 (4):592-599. [Medline].

45. Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, ....Auvinen A, ERSPC Investigators. Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up. Lancet. 2014 Dec 6. 384 (9959):2027-35. [Medline].

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47. Roobol MJ, Kerkhof M, Schröder FH, Cuzick J, ...Hugosson J, Auvinen A. Prostate cancer mortality reduction by prostate-specific antigen-based screening adjusted for nonattendance and contamination in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Eur Urol. 2009 Oct. 56 (4):584-91. [Medline].

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56. Carroll PR, Parsons JK, Andriole G, ...Shead DA, Ho M, National comprehensive cancer network. Prostate cancer early detection, version 1.2014. Featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014 Sep. 12 (9):1211-9; quiz 1219. [Medline].

57. Daskivich TJ, Fan KH, Koyama T, Albertsen PC, Goodman M, Hamilton AS, et al. Effect of age, tumor risk, and comorbidity on competing risks for survival in a U.S. population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2013 May 21. 158 (10):709-17. [Medline].

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64. Vickers AJ, Till C, Tangen CM, Lilja H, Thompson IM. An empirical evaluation of guidelines on prostate-specific antigen velocity in prostate cancer detection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011 Mar 16. 103(6):462-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

65. Mohammed W, Davis NF, Elamin S, Ahern P, Brady CM, Sweeney P. Six-core versus twelve-core prostate biopsy: a retrospective study comparing accuracy, oncological outcomes and safety. Ir J Med Sci. 2016 Feb. 185 (1):219-23. [Medline].

66. Bjurlin MA, Carter HB, Schellhammer P, Cookson MS, Gomella LG, Troyer D, et al. Optimization of initial prostate biopsy in clinical practice: sampling, labeling and specimen processing. J Urol. 2013 Jun. 189 (6):2039-46. [Medline].

67. Borghesi M, Ahmed H, Nam R, Schaeffer E, Schiavina R, Taneja S, et al. Complications After Systematic, Random, and Image-guided Prostate Biopsy. Eur Urol. 2017 Mar. 71 (3):353-365. [Medline].

68. Stefanova V, Buckley R, Flax S, Spevack L, Hajek D, Tunis A, et al. Transperineal Prostate Biopsies Using Local Anesthesia: Experience with 1,287 Patients. Prostate Cancer Detection Rate, Complications and Patient Tolerability. J Urol. 2019 Jun. 201 (6):1121-1126. [Medline].

69. Pepe P, Aragona F. Morbidity after transperineal prostate biopsy in 3000 patients undergoing 12 vs 18 vs more than 24 needle cores. Urology. 2013 Jun. 81 (6):1142-6. [Medline].

70. Xue J, Qin Z, Cai H, Zhang C, Li X, Xu W, et al. Comparison between transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy for detection of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Oncotarget. 2017 Apr 4. 8 (14):23322-23336. [Medline].

71. Weinreb JC, Barentsz JO, Choyke PL, Cornud F, Haider MA, Macura KJ, et al. PI-RADS Prostate Imaging - Reporting and Data System: 2015, Version 2. Eur Urol. 2016 Jan. 69 (1):16-40. [Medline].

72. Rosenkrantz AB, Verma S, Choyke P, Eberhardt SC, Eggener SE, Gaitonde K, et al. Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Biopsy in Patients with a Prior Negative Biopsy: A Consensus Statement by AUA and SAR. J Urol. 2016 Dec. 196 (6):1613-1618. [Medline].

73. van der Leest M, Cornel E, Israël B,...Hulsbergen-van de Kaa C, Barentsz JO. Head-to-head Comparison of Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy Versus Multiparametric Prostate Resonance Imaging with Subsequent Magnetic Resonance-guided Biopsy in Biopsy-naïve Men with Elevated Prostate-specific Antigen: A Large Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study. Eur Urol. 2019 Apr. 75 (4):570-578. [Medline].

74. Kasivisvanathan V, Rannikko AS, .... Moore CM, PRECISION Study Group Collaborators. MRI-Targeted or Standard Biopsy for Prostate-Cancer Diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 10. 378 (19):1767-1777. [Medline].

75. Hamoen EHJ, Hoeks CMA, Somford DM, van Oort IM, Vergunst H, Oddens JR, et al. Value of Serial Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Biopsies in Men with Low-risk Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance After 1 Yr Follow-up. Eur Urol Focus. 2019 May. 5 (3):407-415. [Medline].

76. Tran GN, Leapman MS, Nguyen HG, Cowan JE, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy During Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance. Eur Urol. 2017 Aug. 72 (2):275-281. [Medline].

77. Nassiri N, Margolis DJ, Natarajan S, Sharma DS, Huang J, Dorey FJ, et al. Targeted Biopsy to Detect Gleason Score Upgrading during Active Surveillance for Men with Low versus Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer. J Urol. 2017 Mar. 197 (3 Pt 1):632-639. [Medline].

78. Epstein JI, Zelefsky MJ, Sjoberg DD, Nelson JB, Egevad L, Magi-Galluzzi C, et al. A Contemporary Prostate Cancer Grading System: A Validated Alternative to the Gleason Score. Eur Urol. 2016 Mar. 69 (3):428-35. [Medline].

79. Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, Delahunt B, Srigley JR, Humphrey PA, et al. The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma: Definition of Grading Patterns and Proposal for a New Grading System. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016 Feb. 40 (2):244-52. [Medline].

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81. Poyet C, Nieboer D, Bhindi B, Kulkarni GS, Wiederkehr C, Wettstein MS, et al. Prostate cancer risk prediction using the novel versions of the European Randomised Study for Screening of Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) risk calculators: independent validation and comparison in a contemporary European cohort. BJU Int. 2016 Mar. 117 (3):401-8. [Medline].

82. Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Allaf ME, Pienta KJ, Tran PT, Pomper MG, et al. PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer: current state of the art and future challenges. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2016 Sep. 19 (3):223-30. [Medline].

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84. Eifler JB, Feng Z, Lin BM, Partin MT, Humphreys EB, Han M, et al. An updated prostate cancer staging nomogram (Partin tables) based on cases from 2006 to 2011. BJU Int. 2013 Jan. 111(1):22-9. [Medline].

85. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Risk assessment for prostate cancer metastasis and mortality at the time of diagnosis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jun 16. 101(12):878-87. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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88. [Guideline] Sanda MG, Cadeddu JA, Kirkby E, Chen RC, Crispino T, Fontanarosa J, et al. Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTRO/SUO Guideline. Part II: Recommended Approaches and Details of Specific Care Options. J Urol. 2018 Apr. 199 (4):990-997. [Medline]. [Full Text].

89. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Prostate Cancer Treatment (PDQ®). National Cancer Institute. Available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/prostate/HealthProfessional/page4. July 22, 2020; Accessed: September 14, 2020.

90. EAU Virtual: EUPROMS Study Investigates Effect of Prostate Cancer Treatment on Quality of Life. ASCO Post. Available at https://www.ascopost.com/news/july-2020/euproms-study-investigates-effect-of-prostate-cancer-treatment-on-quality-of-life. July 20, 2020; Accessed: July 23, 2020.

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92. Froehner M, Koch R, Hübler M, Renner T, Borkowetz A, Zastrow S, et al. Only <10% of Patients Selected for Radical Prostatectomy Reach the Competing Mortality Rate of the Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT). Eur Urol Focus. 2019 May. 5 (3):361-364. [Medline].

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97. Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Lane JA, Mason M, ...Neal DE, ProtecT Study Group. 10-Year Outcomes after Monitoring, Surgery, or Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Oct 13. 375 (15):1415-1424. [Medline].

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106. Walsh PC. Anatomic radical prostatectomy: evolution of the surgical technique. J Urol. 1998 Dec. 160 (6 Pt 2):2418-24. [Medline].

107. Sriprasad S, Feneley MR, Thompson PM. History of prostate cancer treatment. Surg Oncol. 2009 Sep. 18 (3):185-91. [Medline].

108. van Poppel H, Everaerts W, Tosco L, Joniau S. Open and robotic radical prostatectomy. Asian J Urol. 2019 Apr. 6 (2):125-128. [Medline].

109. Lowrance WT, Eastham JA, Savage C, Maschino AC, Laudone VP, Dechet CB, et al. Contemporary open and robotic radical prostatectomy practice patterns among urologists in the United States. J Urol. 2012 Jun. 187 (6):2087-92. [Medline].

110. Oberlin DT, Flum AS, Lai JD, Meeks JJ. The effect of minimally invasive prostatectomy on practice patterns of American urologists. Urol Oncol. 2016 Jun. 34 (6):255.e1-5. [Medline].

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Chad R Tracy, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine

Chad R Tracy, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Urological Association, Endourological Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nathan A Brooks, MD Resident Physician, Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Nathan A Brooks, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mohammed Said, MD Fellow in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Edward David Kim, MD, FACS Professor of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, University of Tennessee Medical Center

Edward David Kim, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Reproductive Medicine, American Urological Association, Sexual Medicine Society of North America, Tennessee Medical Association, Society for Male Reproduction and Urology, Society for the Study of Male Reproduction

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Endo.

Tracey L Krupski, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine

Tracey L Krupski, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Urological Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Society of Women in Urology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Bagi RP Jana, MD, MBA, MHA, FACP Professor of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

Bagi RP Jana, MD, MBA, MHA, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Cancer Society, American Medical Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, SWOG

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gerald W Chodak, MD &#0134; Editor, www.ProstateVideos.com; Medscape Urology, Experts and Viewpoints--Controversies in Urology; Director of Medical Content, Answers Media, LLC; Author, Winning the Battle Against Prostate Cancer

Gerald W Chodak, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Isamettin Andrew Aral, MD, MSc Attending Physician, Nassau Radiologic Group (Long Island Radiation Therapy); Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, State University of New York Downstate College of Medicine

Isamettin Andrew Aral, MD, MSc, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology, American Medical Association, and American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Hassan Aziz, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Downstate Medical Center and Long Island College Hospital, State University of New York at Downstate

Hassan Aziz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology and American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael Giasullo, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Chief, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Lutheran Medical Center; Consulting Staff, Bay Ridge Urology Associates; Assistant Attending Physician, Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Methodist Hospital

Michael Giasullo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association and American Urological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Leonard Gabriel Gomella, MD, FACS The Bernard W Godwin Professor of Prostate Cancer Chairman, Department of Urology, Associate Director of Clinical Affairs, Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Leonard Gabriel Gomella, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Urological Association, Sigma Xi, Society for Basic Urologic Research, Society of University Urologists, and Society of Urologic Oncology

Disclosure: GSK Consulting fee Consulting; Astra Zeneca Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Watson Pharmaceuticals Consulting fee Consulting

Fazal Hussain, MD, MBBS Director, Clinical Research, King Faisal Cancer Centre

Fazal Hussain, MD, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nicholas Karanikolas, MD Associate Professor, Department of Urology, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine; Director, Urologic Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital; Attending Physician, Department of Urology, Brooklyn Veterans Administration Hospital

Nicholas Karanikolas, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD Paul A Bunn Professor of Cancer Research, Professor of Surgery and Pharmacology, Director, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center

Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Cancer Society, American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Medical Society of Virginia, Society for Basic Urologic Research, and Society of Urologic Oncology

Disclosure: Key Genomics Ownership interest Co-Founder-50% Stock Ownership; KromaTiD, Inc Stock Options Board membership

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