Overview
Which group is at highest risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
What are the signs and symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
How are abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diagnosed?
What is the role of surgical intervention in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How are abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) defined?
What are possible causes of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How are most abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) detected?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the treatment options for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
Where is patient information for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) available?
What is the anatomy of the abdominal aorta?
Where in the body are most abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) located?
What are inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAAs)?
What is the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
At what diameter is an infrarenal aorta considered an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Which mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What do surgical specimens of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) reveal?
What is the role of elastin in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) present?
What is the role of immunoreactive proteins in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Which risk factors are common to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis?
What are the USPSTF recommendations for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) screening?
What are risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the less common causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the genetic etiologic factors of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the risk factors for rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the US?
What is the global prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the survival rate of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture?
Which factors influence the long-term prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Presentation
What should be the focus of history in suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
What are the signs and symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the symptoms of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Which physical findings suggest aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What does the presence of an abdominal bruit suggest in suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How frequently is a classic presentation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) seen?
What is the role of blood pressure in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are potential complications of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
Workup
How should the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) be approached?
What is the role of lab testing in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of radiography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How prevalent is a finding of focal outpouching on CT scan for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the preoperative use for CT scanning in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the limitations of CT scanning in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of MRI in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are limitations of MRI in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of angiography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the limitations of angiography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of DSA in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of IA-CTA in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of MRA in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the role of echocardiography in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Which supplemental studies may be useful in the workup of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Treatment
What are the treatment options for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the SVS treatment guidelines for unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are treatment options for small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
How do treatment options vary based on the size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What factors are considered when deciding whether to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the contraindications for surgical intervention of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs)?
What is the prehospital for a patient with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the significance of elevated abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall tension?
What is the role of drug treatment in normotensive leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the initial goals for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the possible liability factors for ED physicians treating abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
When should patients be admitted for inpatient treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
When is emergency repair indicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are the primary methods of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgical repair?
How do the outcomes of open and EVAR repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) compare?
What is the mortality rate of open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How are patients prepared for open surgery repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How is open surgery performed on a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What is the postoperative care for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
How commonly is endovascular repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) performed?
How is endovascular repair (EVAR) performed for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What are endoleaks from EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What monitoring is required for endografts following repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
What specialist consultations should are needed for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Medications
What are the goals of drug treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
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Radiograph shows calcification of abdominal aorta. Left wall is clearly depicted and appears aneurysmal; however, right wall overlies spine.
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On radiography, lateral view clearly shows calcification of both walls of abdominal aortic aneurysm, allowing diagnosis to be made with certainty.
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CT demonstrates abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Aneurysm was noted during workup for back pain, and CT was ordered after AAA was identified on radiography. No evidence of rupture is seen.
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Arteriography demonstrates infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. This arteriogram was obtained in preparation for endovascular repair of aneurysm.
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Lateral arteriogram demonstrates infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Demonstration of superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and celiac artery on lateral arteriogram is important for complete evaluation of extent of aneurysm.
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Arteriogram after successful endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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Ultrasonogram from patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This aneurysm was best visualized on transverse or axial image. Patient underwent conventional AAA repair.
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MRI of 77-year-old man with leg pain believed to be secondary to degenerative disk disease. During evaluation, abdominal aortic aneurysm was discovered.
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Age is risk factor for development of aneurysm.
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Inflammation, thinning of media, and marked loss of elastin.
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Pulsatile abdominal mass.
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Aneurysm with retroperitoneal fibrosis and adhesion of duodenum.
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Aortic endoprosthesis (Cook aortic and aortobi-iliac endograft).
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Endoaneurysmorrhaphy
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Endovascular grafts.
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Atheroemboli from small abdominal aortic aneurysms produce livedo reticularis of feet (ie, blue toe syndrome).
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Enhanced spiral CT scans with multiplanar reconstruction and CT angiogram.
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Angiography is used to diagnose renal area. In this instance, endoleak represented continued pressurization of sac.