Clotting factor replacement therapies
Class Summary
These are used to replace the clotting factors needed when moderate-to-severe bleeding occurs. This most often occurs in acquired dysfibrinogenemias caused by a severely damaged liver that is unable to make clotting factors. [17]
Cryoprecipitate
The precipitate that forms when fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is thawed contains factor VIII, fibrinogen, vWF, and fibronectin. Primarily used to treat bleeding in patients with fibrinogen deficiencies or abnormalities.
Fresh frozen plasma
Plasma is the fluid compartment of blood containing the soluble clotting factors. Indications for using FFP include bleeding in patients with congenital coagulation defects and multiple coagulation factor deficiencies (severe liver disease).
Anticoagulants
Class Summary
Prevent recurrent or ongoing thromboembolic occlusion of the vertebrobasilar circulation.
Heparin
Used in patients with thrombotic tendencies who develop deep venous thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors. Used for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and thromboembolic disorders. Tailor dose to maintain an INR in the range of 2-3.
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Chronic subcutaneous therapy may be required in patients with recurrent thrombotic episodes.
Enhances inhibition of factor Xa and thrombin by increasing antithrombin III activity. In addition, preferentially increases inhibition of factor Xa.
Average duration of treatment is 7-14 d.
