Overview
What is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
When was hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) first described?
What is the pathogenesis of atypical (non-Stx-associated) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the pathogenesis of familial non-Stx-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the primary event in the pathogenesis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
How is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) categorized?
What is the pathogenesis of typical (Stx-associated) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What are triggers for sporadic non-Stx-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which patient group is at highest risk for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which bacterial infections cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which viral infections cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which fungal infection causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which vaccines may cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What causes secondary or sporadic hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
How does pregnancy-associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) develop?
Which drugs are implicated in the etiology of non-Stx-hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the prevalence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) following transplantation?
How prevalent is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) in the US?
How prevalent is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) globally?
How prevalent is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) by race and sex?
How prevalent is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) by age?
What are possible complications of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the prevalence of neurological complications of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the prognosis of Stx-hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the prognosis of non Stx-hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which factors predict a poor prognosis for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
How does kidney transplant affect the prognosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What information should be given to patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Presentation
What are the signs and symptoms of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which physical findings suggest hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome?
Workup
What is the role of lab studies in the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the role of imaging studies in the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the role of biopsy in the diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What are characteristic pathologic findings of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Treatment
How are the treatment options for Stx-hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of non-Stx-hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is the role of renal transplantation in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is included in supportive therapy for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which specialists should be consulted in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What dietary restrictions are needed during treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Medications
Which medications are used in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Follow-up
How should patients be monitored following treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
What is included in inpatient care for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
How is hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) prevented?
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Photomicrograph (hematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×25) shows diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with double contouring (arrow) and swelling of endothelial cells. Fibrin thrombi and packed red blood cells are visible in the lumina (arrowhead). Courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Photomicrograph (periodic acid-Schiff, original magnification ×40) shows diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with double contouring (arrow) and swelling of endothelial cells. Courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.