Hemothorax Questions & Answers

1. May J, Ades A. Porous diaphragm syndrome: haemothorax secondary to haemoperitoneum following laparoscopic hysterectomy. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Dec 5. 2013:[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Tatebe S, Kanazawa H, Yamazaki Y, Aoki E, Sakurai Y. Spontaneous hemopneumothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Oct. 62 (4):1011-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Nason KS, Ganim RB, Luketich JD. Chest wall, lung, mediastinum, and pleura. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Kao LS, et al, eds. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2019. Vol 1: 661-750.

4. Di Crescenzo V, Laperuta P, Napolitano F, Carlomagno C, Garzi A, Vitale M. Pulmonary sequestration presented as massive left hemothorax and associated with primary lung sarcoma. BMC Surg. 2013 Oct 8. 13 Suppl 2:S34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

5. Broderick SR. Hemothorax: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. Thorac Surg Clin. 2013 Feb. 23 (1):89-96, vi-vii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Johnson EM, Saltzman DA, Suh G, Dahms RA, Leonard AS. Complications and risks of central venous catheter placement in children. Surgery. 1998 Nov. 124 (5):911-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Waddington MS, Mullins GC. Early complication of pediatric central venous cannulation. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005 Nov. 15 (11):1001-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Lesher AP, Kratz JM, Smith CD. Removal of embedded central venous catheters. J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Jun. 43 (6):1030-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Ota H, Kawai H, Matsuo T. Video-assisted minithoracotomy for blunt diaphragmatic rupture presenting as a delayed hemothorax. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014. 20 Suppl:911-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Nakayama DK, Ramenofsky ML, Rowe MI. Chest injuries in childhood. Ann Surg. 1989 Dec. 210 (6):770-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Sharma OP, Hagler S, Oswanski MF. Prevalence of delayed hemothorax in blunt thoracic trauma. Am Surg. 2005 Jun. 71 (6):481-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Cottin V, Chinet T, Lavolé A, Corre R, Marchand E, Reynaud-Gaubert M, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a series of 126 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2007 Jan. 86 (1):1-17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Rousset P, Rousset-Jablonski C, Alifano M, Mansuet-Lupo A, Buy JN, Revel MP. Thoracic endometriosis syndrome: CT and MRI features. Clin Radiol. 2014 Mar. 69 (3):323-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Sinniah D, Nagalingam I. Hemothorax in the newborn. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1972 Feb. 11 (2):84-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Huybrechts S, Wojciechowski M, Poot S, Van Reempts P, Ramet J. Hemothorax as presentation of late vitamin-K-deficient bleeding in a 1-month-old infant with homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur J Pediatr. 2007 Oct. 166 (10):1081-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Hammoudeh M, Qaddoumi NK. Pleural haemorrhage in Henoch Schonlein purpura. Clin Rheumatol. 1993 Dec. 12 (4):538-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Tantraworasin A, Saeteng S. Massive hemothorax due to intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with beta thalassemia hemoglobin E disease. J Med Assoc Thai. 2013 Jul. 96 (7):866-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Laberge JM, Puligandla P, Flageole H. Asymptomatic congenital lung malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005 Feb. 14 (1):16-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Vaziri M, Mehrazma M. Massive spontaneous hemothorax associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Oct. 82 (4):1500-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Propper RA, Young LW, Wood BP. Hemothorax as a complication of costal cartilaginous exostoses. Pediatr Radiol. 1980 Apr. 9 (3):135-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Tomares SM, Jabra AA, Conrad CK, Beauchamp N, Phoon CK, Carroll JL. Hemothorax in a child as a result of costal exostosis. Pediatrics. 1994 Mar. 93 (3):523-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Jin W, Hyun SY, Ryoo E, Lim YS, Kim JK. Costal osteochondroma presenting as haemothorax and diaphragmatic laceration. Pediatr Radiol. 2005 Jul. 35 (7):706-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Cowles RA, Rowe DH, Arkovitz MS. Hereditary multiple exostoses of the ribs: an unusual cause of hemothorax and pericardial effusion. J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Jul. 40 (7):1197-200. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Osawa H, Yoshii S, Takahashi W, Hosaka S, Ishikawa N, Mizutani E, et al. Hemorrhagic shock due to intrathoracic rupture of an osteosarcoma of the rib. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Aug. 7 (4):232-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Kim ES, Kang JY, Pyo CH, Jeon EY, Lee WB. 12-year experience of spontaneous hemopneumothorax. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Jun. 14 (3):149-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Richardson JD, Miller FB, Carrillo EH, Spain DA. Complex thoracic injuries. Surg Clin North Am. 1996 Aug. 76 (4):725-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Peclet MH, Newman KD, Eichelberger MR, Gotschall CS, Garcia VF, Bowman LM. Thoracic trauma in children: an indicator of increased mortality. J Pediatr Surg. 1990 Sep. 25 (9):961-5; discussion 965-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Inci I, Ozcelik C, Nizam O, Eren N, Ozgen G. Penetrating chest injuries in children: a review of 94 cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1996 May. 31 (5):673-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Bohosiewicz J, Kudela G, Koszutski T. Results of Nuss procedures for the correction of pectus excavatum. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Feb. 15 (1):6-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Issaivanan M, Baranwal P, Abrol S, Bajwa G, Baldauf M, Shukla M. Spontaneous hemopneumothorax in children: case report and review of literature. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct. 118 (4):e1268-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Parry GW, Morgan WE, Salama FD. Management of haemothorax. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1996 Jul. 78 (4):325-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

32. Miller LA. Chest wall, lung, and pleural space trauma. Radiol Clin North Am. 2006 Mar. 44 (2):213-24, viii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Mandavia DP, Joseph A. Bedside echocardiography in chest trauma. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004 Aug. 22 (3):601-19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Trupka A, Waydhas C, Hallfeldt KK, Nast-Kolb D, Pfeifer KJ, Schweiberer L. Value of thoracic computed tomography in the first assessment of severely injured patients with blunt chest trauma: results of a prospective study. J Trauma. 1997 Sep. 43 (3):405-11; discussion 411-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Chardoli M, Hasan-Ghaliaee T, Akbari H, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Accuracy of chest radiography versus chest computed tomography in hemodynamically stable patients with blunt chest trauma. Chin J Traumatol. 2013. 16 (6):351-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Moore MA, Wallace EC, Westra SJ. The imaging of paediatric thoracic trauma. Pediatr Radiol. 2009 May. 39 (5):485-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Chang YT, Dai ZK, Kao EL, Chuang HY, Cheng YJ, Chou SH, et al. Early video-assisted thoracic surgery for primary spontaneous hemopneumothorax. World J Surg. 2007 Jan. 31 (1):19-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Chou YP, Lin HL, Wu TC. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for retained hemothorax in blunt chest trauma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2015 Jul. 21 (4):393-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

39. Ziapour B, Mostafidi E, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Kabir A, Okereke I. Timing to perform VATS for traumatic-retained hemothorax (a systematic review and meta-analysis). Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020 Apr. 46 (2):337-346. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Heniford BT, Carrillo EH, Spain DA, Sosa JL, Fulton RL, Richardson JD. The role of thoracoscopy in the management of retained thoracic collections after trauma. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Apr. 63 (4):940-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Liu DW, Liu HP, Lin PJ, Chang CH. Video-assisted thoracic surgery in treatment of chest trauma. J Trauma. 1997 Apr. 42 (4):670-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Mancini M, Smith LM, Nein A, Buechter KJ. Early evacuation of clotted blood in hemothorax using thoracoscopy: case reports. J Trauma. 1993 Jan. 34 (1):144-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Meyer DM, Jessen ME, Wait MA, Estrera AS. Early evacuation of traumatic retained hemothoraces using thoracoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Nov. 64 (5):1396-400; discussion 1400-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Navsaria PH, Vogel RJ, Nicol AJ. Thoracoscopic evacuation of retained posttraumatic hemothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Jul. 78 (1):282-5; discussion 285-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Inci I, Ozçelik C, Ulkü R, Tuna A, Eren N. Intrapleural fibrinolytic treatment of traumatic clotted hemothorax. Chest. 1998 Jul. 114 (1):160-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. [Guideline] Tissue plasminogen activator in traumatic hemothorax. Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center. Available at http://www.surgicalcriticalcare.net/Guidelines/Tissue%20plasminogen%20activator%20in%20traumatic%20hemothorax%202018.pdf. March 21, 2018; Accessed: August 16, 2022.

Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD, MMM

Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD, MMM is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Phi Beta Kappa, Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Thomas Scanlin, MD Chief, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Thomas Scanlin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Society for Pediatric Research, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, American Thoracic Society, Society for Pediatric Research

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Denise Serebrisky, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Director, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Lewis M Fraad Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center/North Central Bronx Hospital; Director, Jacobi Asthma and Allergy Center for Children, Jacobi Medical Center

Denise Serebrisky, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Shreekanth V Karwande, MBBS Chair, Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine and Medical Center

Shreekanth V Karwande, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Association, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Western Thoracic Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey C Milliken, MD Former Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California at Irvine Medical Center; Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine; Current Professor Emeritus, University of California

Jeffrey C Milliken, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Cardiology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Association, American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, California Medical Association, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, Phi Beta Kappa, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, SWOG, Western Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Charles Callahan, DO Professor, Chief, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Tripler Army Medical Center

Charles Callahan, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians, American Thoracic Society, The Society of Federal Health Professionals (AMSUS), Christian Medical and Dental Associations

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

The authors and editors of Medscape Drugs & Diseases gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Jane M Eggerstedt, MD, and Allen Fagenholz, MD, to the development and writing of the source articles.

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