Amebiasis Questions & Answers

1. Pritt BS, Clark CG. Amebiasis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Oct. 83(10):1154-9; quiz 1159-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Grecu F, Bulgariu T, Blanaru O, Dragomir C, Lunca C, Stratan I, et al. Invasive amebiasis. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2006 Sep-Oct. 101(5):539-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA Jr. Amebiasis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17. 348(16):1565-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Stanley SL Jr. Amoebiasis. Lancet. 2003 Mar 22. 361(9362):1025-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. da Silva CAV, de Oliveira IMC, Cruz RE, Silva Prado GK, Santos FV, Neves NCV, et al. South American Entamoeba dispar strains produce amoebic liver abscesses with different pathogenicities and evolutionary kinetics. Acta Trop. 2021 Dec. 224:106114. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Shirley DT, Farr L, Watanabe K, Moonah S. A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018 Jul. 5 (7):ofy161. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Ravdin JI, Stanley P, Murphy CF, Petri WA Jr. Characterization of cell surface carbohydrate receptors for Entamoeba histolytica adherence lectin. Infect Immun. 1989 Jul. 57(7):2179-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. Ximénez C, Cerritos R, Rojas L, Dolabella S, Morán P, Shibayama M, et al. Human amebiasis: breaking the paradigm?. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010 Mar. 7(3):1105-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

9. Haque R, Mondal D, Duggal P, Kabir M, Roy S, Farr BM, et al. Entamoeba histolytica infection in children and protection from subsequent amebiasis. Infect Immun. 2006 Feb. 74(2):904-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

10. Seydel KB, Stanley SL Jr. Entamoeba histolytica induces host cell death in amebic liver abscess by a non-Fas-dependent, non-tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent pathway of apoptosis. Infect Immun. 1998 Jun. 66(6):2980-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Que X, Reed SL. Cysteine proteinases and the pathogenesis of amebiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Apr. 13(2):196-206. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. Kelsall BL, Ravdin JI. Degradation of human IgA by Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis. 1993 Nov. 168(5):1319-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Reed SL, Keene WE, McKerrow JH, Gigli I. Cleavage of C3 by a neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica. J Immunol. 1989 Jul 1. 143(1):189-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Abhyankar MM, Shrimal S, Gilchrist CA, Bhattacharya A, Petri WA Jr. The Entamoeba histolytica serum-inducible transmembrane kinase EhTMKB1-9 is involved in intestinal amebiasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2012 Dec. 2:243-248. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

15. Seydel KB, Li E, Swanson PE, Stanley SL Jr. Human intestinal epithelial cells produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to infection in a SCID mouse-human intestinal xenograft model of amebiasis. Infect Immun. 1997 May. 65(5):1631-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

16. Stenson WF, Zhang Z, Riehl T, Stanley SL Jr. Amebic infection in the human colon induces cyclooxygenase-2. Infect Immun. 2001 May. 69(5):3382-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Braga LL, Ninomiya H, McCoy JJ, Eacker S, Wiedmer T, Pham C, et al. Inhibition of the complement membrane attack complex by the galactose-specific adhesion of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep. 90(3):1131-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Fotedar R, Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J. Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007 Jul. 20(3):511-32, table of contents. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

19. Shimokawa C, Kabir M, Taniuchi M, Mondal D, Kobayashi S, Ali IK, et al. Entamoeba moshkovskii is associated with diarrhea in infants and causes diarrhea and colitis in mice. J Infect Dis. 2012 Sep 1. 206 (5):744-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Billet AC, Salmon Rousseau A, Piroth L, Martins C. An underestimated sexually transmitted infection: amoebiasis. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 May 10. 12 (5):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Verkerke HP, Petri WA Jr, Marie CS. The dynamic interdependence of amebiasis, innate immunity, and undernutrition. Semin Immunopathol. 2012 Nov. 34(6):771-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Swaminathan A, Torresi J, Schlagenhauf P, Thursky K, Wilder-Smith A, Connor BA, et al. A global study of pathogens and host risk factors associated with infectious gastrointestinal disease in returned international travellers. J Infect. 2009 Jul. 59 (1):19-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Gunther J, Shafir S, Bristow B, Sorvillo F. Short report: Amebiasis-related mortality among United States residents, 1990-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Dec. 85 (6):1038-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Gunther J, Shafir S, Bristow B, Sorvillo F. Short report: Amebiasis-related mortality among United States residents, 1990-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Dec. 85(6):1038-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Valenzuela O, Morán P, Gómez A, Cordova K, Corrales N, Cardoza J, et al. Epidemiology of amoebic liver abscess in Mexico: the case of Sonora. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2007 Sep. 101(6):533-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. van Hal SJ, Stark DJ, Fotedar R, Marriott D, Ellis JT, Harkness JL. Amoebiasis: current status in Australia. Med J Aust. 2007 Apr 16. 186(8):412-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Ximénez C, Morán P, Rojas L, Valadez A, Gómez A. Reassessment of the epidemiology of amebiasis: state of the art. Infect Genet Evol. 2009 Dec. 9(6):1023-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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29. Stanley SL Jr. Amoebiasis. Lancet. 2003 Mar 22. 361 (9362):1025-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Tengku SA, Norhayati M. Public health and clinical importance of amoebiasis in Malaysia: a review. Trop Biomed. 2011 Aug. 28(2):194-222. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Caballero-Salcedo A, Viveros-Rogel M, Salvatierra B, Tapia-Conyer R, Sepulveda-Amor J, Gutierrez G, et al. Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Apr. 50(4):412-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Blessmann J, Van Linh P, Nu PA, Thi HD, Muller-Myhsok B, Buss H, et al. Epidemiology of amebiasis in a region of high incidence of amebic liver abscess in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 May. 66(5):578-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Bowley DM, Loveland J, Omar T, Pitcher GJ. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and amebiasis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Dec. 25(12):1192-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Brindicci G, Picciarelli C, Fumarola L, Carbonara S, Stano F, Ciracì E, et al. Amoebic hepatic abscesses in an HIV-positive patient. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006 Sep. 20(9):606-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yang B, Qi T, Lu H, Cheng X, et al. Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection in HIV-infected patients in China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Nov. 77(5):825-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

36. Hsu MS, Hsieh SM, Chen MY, Hung CC, Chang SC. Association between amebic liver abscess and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Taiwanese subjects. BMC Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 16. 8:48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

37. Karp CL, Auwaerter PG. Coinfection with HIV and tropical infectious diseases. I. Protozoal pathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 1. 45(9):1208-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Park WB, Choe PG, Jo JH, Kim SH, Bang JH, Kim HB, et al. Amebic liver abscess in HIV-infected patients, Republic of Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Mar. 13(3):516-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

39. Infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1 is not a risk factor for amebiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Nov. 75(5):1023. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Hung CC, Ji DD, Sun HY, Lee YT, Hsu SY, Chang SY, et al. Increased risk for Entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in HIV seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008 Feb 27. 2(2):e175. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

41. Muzaffar J, Madan K, Sharma MP, Kar P. Randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial to compare the efficacy and safety of metronidazole and satranidazole in patients with amebic liver abscess. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Dec. 51(12):2270-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Hung CC, Wu PY, Chang SY, Ji DD, Sun HY, Liu WC, et al. Amebiasis among persons who sought voluntary counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Jan. 84(1):65-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

43. Gupta S, Smith L, Diakiw A. Amebiasis and Amebic Liver Abscess in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Feb. 69 (1):79-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Chandnani S, Udgirkar S, Jain SS, Sonthalia N, Contractor Q, Rathi PM, et al. Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Fulminant Necrotizing Amebic Colitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge. J Assoc Physicians India. 2019 Apr. 67 (4):79-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Acuna-Soto R, Maguire JH, Wirth DF. Gender distribution in asymptomatic and invasive amebiasis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 May. 95(5):1277-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Nagata N, Shimbo T, Akiyama J, Nakashima R, Nishimura S, Yada T. Risk factors for intestinal invasive amebiasis in Japan, 2003-2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 May. 18(5):717-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Aristizábal H, Acevedo J, Botero M. Fulminant amebic colitis. World J Surg. 1991 Mar-Apr. 15(2):216-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Carrero JC, Reyes-López M, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M, Unzueta J, León-Sicairos N, et al. Intestinal amoebiasis: 160 years of its first detection and still remains as a health problem in developing countries. Int J Med Microbiol. 2020 Jan. 310 (1):151358. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Andrade JE, Mederos R, Rivero H, Sendzischew MA, Soaita M, Robinson MJ, et al. Amebiasis presenting as acute appendicitis. South Med J. 2007 Nov. 100(11):1140-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Goyal A, Goyal S, Gupta CR. Acute amoebic appendicitis: An unusual presentation of a usual infection. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2019 Jan-Mar. 62 (1):169-170. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Bansal R, Natarajan S, Aron J. Amebic Colitis. Am J Med Sci. 2019 May. 357 (5):e15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Shirley DA, Moonah S. Fulminant Amebic Colitis after Corticosteroid Therapy: A Systematic Review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Jul. 10 (7):e0004879. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Rao S, Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Petri WA Jr, Parker SK. Hepatic amebiasis: a reminder of the complications. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009 Feb. 21(1):145-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

54. Jain M, Jain J, Gupta S. Amebic liver abscess in children-Experience from Central India. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2016 May. 35 (3):248-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Mohidin B, Green SF, Duggineni S. Amoebic liver abscess. QJM. 2018 Nov 1. 111 (11):821-822. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Goswami A, Dadhich S, Bhargava N. Colonic involvement in amebic liver abscess: does site matter?. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014. 27(2):156-161. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

57. Hardin RE, Ferzli GS, Zenilman ME, Gadangi PK, Bowne WB. Invasive amebiasis and ameboma formation presenting as a rectal mass: An uncommon case of malignant masquerade at a western medical center. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov 14. 13(42):5659-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Loulergue P, Mir O. Pleural empyema secondary to amebic liver abscess. Int J Infect Dis. 2009 May. 13(3):e135-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. Dhawan VK, Malik SK. Acute pneumonia in the right lower lobe. Chest. 1975 Mar. 67(3):346-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

60. Otan E, Akbulut S, Kayaalp C. Amebic acute appendicitis: systematic review of 174 cases. World J Surg. 2013 Sep. 37(9):2061-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Sodhi KS, Ojili V, Sakhuja V, Khandelwal N. Hepatic and inferior vena caval thrombosis: vascular complication of amebic liver abscess. J Emerg Med. 2008 Feb. 34(2):155-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Vinod K Dhawan, MD, FACP, FRCPC, FIDSA Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Clinical Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science

Vinod K Dhawan, MD, FACP, FRCPC, FIDSA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Kerry O Cleveland, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Methodist Healthcare of Memphis

Kerry O Cleveland, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

J Robert Cantey, MD Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine

J Robert Cantey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Society for Clinical Investigation, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, International Society of Travel Medicine, Musculoskeletal Infection Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD David Ross Boyd Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, Stewart G Wolf Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center; Master of the American College of Physicians; Fellow, Infectious Diseases Society of America; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, Association of Professors of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Oklahoma State Medical Association, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD Professor, Stewart G Wolf Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, Association of Professors of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Oklahoma State Medical Association, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Vinod K Dhawan, MD, FACP, FRCP(C), FIDSA Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center

Vinod K Dhawan, MD, FACP, FRCP(C), FIDSA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Pfizer Inc Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Maria A Horga, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bristol-Myers Squibb

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Alexandre Lacasse, MD, MSc Internal Medicine Faculty, Assistant Director, Medicine Clinic, Infectious Disease Consultant, St Mary's Health Center

Alexandre Lacasse, MD, MSc is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

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Klaus-Dieter Lessnau, MD, FCCP Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Pulmonary Physiology Laboratory; Director of Research in Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital

Klaus-Dieter Lessnau, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine

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Thomas R Naparst, MD Clinical Instructor in Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Downtown Hospital

Thomas R Naparst, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael D Nissen, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA Associate Professor in Biomolecular, Biomedical Science & Health, Griffith University; Director of Infectious Diseases and Unit Head of Queensland Paediatric Infectious Laboratory, Sir Albert Sakzewski Viral Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital

Michael D Nissen, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Royal Australasian College of Physicians, and Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Russell W Steele, MD Head, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Children's Health Center; Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine

Russell W Steele, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Immunologists, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Society for Pediatric Research, and Southern Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert Swords, MD Fellow, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Martin Weisse, MD Program Director, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University

Martin Weisse, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Ambulatory Pediatric Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society

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Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

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