Coyle MB, Lipsky BA. Coryneform bacteria in infectious diseases: clinical and laboratory aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1990 Jul. 3(3):227-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Van den Velde S, Lagrou K, Desmet K, et al. Species identification of corynebacteria by cellular fatty acid analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Feb. 54(2):99-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Baumbach J. CoryneRegNet 4.0 - A reference database for corynebacterial gene regulatory networks. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007 Nov 6. 8:429. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Neuweger H, Baumbach J, Albaum S, et al. CoryneCenter - an online resource for the integrated analysis of corynebacterial genome and transcriptome data. BMC Syst Biol. 2007 Nov 22. 1:55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sharma NC, Banavaliker JN, Ranjan R, et al. Bacteriological & epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria cases in & around Delhi -a retrospective study. Indian J Med Res. 2007 Dec. 126(6):545-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rudresh SM, Ravi GS, Alex AM, Mamatha KR, Sunitha L, Ramya KT. Non Diphtheritic Corynebacteria: An Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen in Skin and Soft Tissue Infection. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Dec. 9 (12):DC19-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dobinson HC, Anderson TP, Chambers ST, Doogue MP, Seaward L, Werno AM. Antimicrobial Treatment Options for Granulomatous Mastitis Caused by Corynebacterium Species. J Clin Microbiol. 2015 Sep. 53 (9):2895-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Joseph J, Nirmalkar K, Mathai A, Sharma S. Clinical features, microbiological profile and treatment outcome of patients with Corynebacterium endophthalmitis: review of a decade from a tertiary eye care centre in southern India. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016 Feb. 100 (2):189-94. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Williams MS, McClintock AH, Bourassa L, Laya MB. Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis: Is There a Role for Antibiotics?. Eur J Breast Health. 2021 Jul. 17 (3):239-246. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bnaya A, Wiener-Well Y, Soetendorp H, Einbinder Y, Paitan Y, Kunin M, et al. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections of peritoneal dialysis patients: A multicenter study. Perit Dial Int. 2021 May. 41 (3):284-291. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nasim F, Dey A, Qureshi IA. Comparative genome analysis of Corynebacterium species: The underestimated pathogens with high virulence potential. Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Sep. 93:104928. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Datta P, Gupta V, Gupta M, Pal K, Chander J. Corynebacterium Striatum, an Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen: Case Reports. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2021. 21 (2):301-303. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shariff M, Aditi A, Beri K. Corynebacterium striatum: an emerging respiratory pathogen. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2018 Jul 31. 12 (7):581-586. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rezaei Bookani K, Marcus R, Cheikh E, Parish M, Salahuddin U. Corynebacterium jeikeium endocarditis: A case report and comprehensive review of an underestimated infection. IDCases. 2018. 11:26-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Baird GJ, Fontaine MC. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis. J Comp Pathol. 2007 Nov. 137(4):179-210. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Yeruham I, Elad D, Avidar Y, et al. A herd level analysis of urinary tract infection in dairy cattle. Vet J. 2006 Jan. 171(1):172-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rogers EA, Das A, Ton-That H. Adhesion by pathogenic corynebacteria. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011. 715:91-103. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moreira Lde O, Andrade AF, Vale MD, et al. Effects of iron limitation on adherence and cell surface carbohydrates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Oct. 69(10):5907-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mandlik A, Swierczynski A, Das A, et al. Corynebacterium diphtheriae employs specific minor pilins to target human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Mol Microbiol. 2007 Apr. 64(1):111-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mel'nikov VG, Kombarova SIu, Borisova OIu, et al. [Corynebacterium diphtheriae nontoxigenic strain carrying the gene of diphtheria toxin]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2004 Jan-Feb. 3-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
De Zoysa A, Efstratiou A, Hawkey PM. Molecular characterization of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxR) genes present in nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jan. 43(1):223-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bernard K. The genus corynebacterium and other medically relevant coryneform-like bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Oct. 50 (10):3152-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Moazzez A, Kelso RL, Towfigh S, Sohn H, Berne TV, Mason RJ. Breast abscess bacteriologic features in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemics. Arch Surg. 2007 Sep. 142(9):881-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Efstratiou A, Engler KH, Mazurova IK, et al. Current approaches to the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb. 181 Suppl 1:S138-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kadirova R, Kartoglu HU, Strebel PM. Clinical characteristics and management of 676 hospitalized diphtheria cases, Kyrgyz Republic, 1995. J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb. 181 Suppl 1:S110-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Quick ML, Sutter RW, Kobaidze K, et al. Epidemic diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993-1996: risk factors for fatal outcome among hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 2000 Feb. 181 Suppl 1:S130-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wagner KS, White JM, Neal S, Crowcroft NS, Kupreviciene N, Paberza R, et al. Screening for Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans in patients with upper respiratory tract infections 2007-2008: a multicentre European study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Apr. 17(4):519-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wren MW, Shetty N. Infections with Corynebacterium diphtheriae: six years' experience at an inner London teaching hospital. Br J Biomed Sci. 2005. 62(1):1-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Moreira LO, Damasco PV, et al. Diphtheria remains a threat to health in the developing world--an overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003 Dec. 98(8):987-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Webb R, Voss L, Roberts S, Hornung T, Rumball E, Lennon D. Infective endocarditis in new zealand children 1994-2012. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 May. 33(5):437-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Zakikhany K, Efstratiou A. Diphtheria in Europe: current problems and new challenges. Future Microbiol. 2012 May. 7(5):595-607. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Egwari LO, Nwokoye NN, Obisesan B, Coker AO, Nwaokorie FO, Savage KO. Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of twelve cases of post-surgical sepsis of odontogenic tumours at a referral centre. East Afr Med J. 2008 Jun. 85(6):269-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wagner KS, White JM, Crowcroft NS, De Martin S, Mann G, Efstratiou A. Diphtheria in the United Kingdom, 1986-2008: the increasing role of Corynebacterium ulcerans. Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Nov. 138(11):1519-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dias AA, Santos LS, Sabbadini PS, Santos CS, Silva Junior FC, Napoleão F, et al. Corynebacterium ulcerans diphtheria: an emerging zoonosis in Brazil and worldwide. Rev Saude Publica. 2011 Dec. 45(6):1176-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Harnisch JP, Tronca E, Nolan CM, et al. Diphtheria among alcoholic urban adults. A decade of experience in Seattle. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Jul 1. 111(1):71-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cappuccino L, Bottino P, Torricella A, Pontremoli R. Nephrolithiasis by Corynebacterium urealyticum infection: literature review and case report. J Nephrol. 2014 Apr. 27(2):117-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Respiratory diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans--Terre Haute, Indiana, 1996. JAMA. 1997 Jun 4. 277(21):1665-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dewinter LM, Bernard KA, Romney MG. Human clinical isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans collected in Canada from 1999 to 2003 but not fitting reporting criteria for cases of diphtheria. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jul. 43(7):3447-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tarr PE, Stock F, Cooke RH, Fedorko DP, Lucey DR. Multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum pneumonia in a heart transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2003 Mar. 5(1):53-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lee PP, Ferguson DA Jr, Sarubbi FA. Corynebacterium striatum: an underappreciated community and nosocomial pathogen. J Infect. 2005 May. 50(4):338-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Manzella JP, Kellogg JA, Parsey KS. Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum: a respiratory tract pathogen in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jan. 20(1):37-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Camello TC, Souza MC, Martins CA, Damasco PV, Marques EA, Pimenta FP, et al. Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum isolated from relevant clinical sites of infection: a human pathogen overlooked in emerging countries. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Apr. 48(4):458-64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Turk S, Korrovits P, Punab M, et al. Coryneform bacteria in semen of chronic prostatitis patients. Int J Androl. 2007 Apr. 30(2):123-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ivanov IB, Kuzmin MD, Gritsenko VA. Microflora of the seminal fluid of healthy men and men suffering from chronic prostatitis syndrome. Int J Androl. 2009 Oct. 32(5):462-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mathelin C, Riegel P, Chenard MP, Tomasetto C, Brettes JP. Granulomatous mastitis and corynebacteria: clinical and pathologic correlations. Breast J. 2005 Sep-Oct. 11(5):357. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Suzuki T, Iihara H, Uno T, et al. Suture-related keratitis caused by Corynebacterium macginleyi. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Nov. 45(11):3833-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Otsuka Y, Kawamura Y, Koyama T, et al. Corynebacterium resistens sp. nov., a new multidrug-resistant coryneform bacterium isolated from human infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Aug. 43(8):3713-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mokrousov I. Corynebacterium diphtheriae: genome diversity, population structure and genotyping perspectives. Infect Genet Evol. 2009 Jan. 9(1):1-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] Bernard K. The genus corynebacterium and other medically relevant coryneform-like bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Oct. 50(10):3152-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Torres Lde F, Ribeiro D, Hirata Jr R, Pacheco LG, Souza MC, dos Santos LS, et al. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction to identify and determine the toxigenicity of Corynebacterium spp with zoonotic potential and an overview of human and animal infections. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013 May. 108(3):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rajamani Sekar SK, Veeraraghavan B, Anandan S, Devanga Ragupathi NK, Sangal L, Joshi S. Strengthening the laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic Corynebacterium species in the Vaccine era. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2017 Nov. 65 (5):354-365. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Riegel P, Ruimy R, Christen R, et al. Species identities and antimicrobial susceptibilities of corynebacteria isolated from various clinical sources. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Aug. 15(8):657-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Spanik S, Trupl J, Kunova A, et al. Risk factors, aetiology, therapy and outcome in 123 episodes of breakthrough bacteraemia and fungaemia during antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy in cancer patients. J Med Microbiol. 1997 Jun. 46(6):517-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Join-Lambert OF, Ouache M, Canioni D, et al. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis necrotizing lymphadenitis in a twelve-year-old patient. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Sep. 25(9):848-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] World Health Organization. Diphtheria. WHO. Available at https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_04_Diphtheria_R1.pdf?ua=1. 2018; Accessed: 01.28.2022.
McCormack PL. Reduced-antigen, combined diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (Boostrix®): a review of its properties and use as a single-dose booster immunization. Drugs. 2012 Sep 10. 72(13):1765-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garcia-Corbeira P, Dal-Re R, Garcia-de-Lomas J, et al. Low prevalence of diphtheria immunity in the Spanish population: results of a cross-sectional study. Vaccine. 1999 Apr 9. 17(15-16):1978-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cameron C, White J, Power D, et al. Diphtheria boosters for adults: balancing risks. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007 Jan. 5(1):35-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Committee opinion no. 521: update on immunization and pregnancy: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Mar. 119(3):690-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ghide S, Jiang Y, Hachem R, Chaftari AM, Raad I. Catheter-related Corynebacterium bacteremia: should the catheter be removed and vancomycin administered?. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Feb. 29(2):153-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Reddy BS, Chaudhury A, Kalawat U, Jayaprada R, Reddy G, Ramana BV. Isolation, speciation, and antibiogram of clinically relevant non-diphtherial Corynebacteria (Diphtheroids). Indian J Med Microbiol. 2012 Jan. 30(1):52-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
von Hunolstein C, Scopetti F, Efstratiou A, et al. Penicillin tolerance amongst non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from cases of pharyngitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002 Jul. 50(1):125-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
