Rashid M, Khan MN, Jalbani N. Detection of Human Adenovirus, Rotavirus, and Enterovirus in Tap Water and Their Association with the Overall Quality of Water in Karachi, Pakistan. Food Environ Virol. 2021 Mar. 13 (1):44-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kogon A, Spigland I, Frothingham TE, Elveback L, Williams C, Hall CE. The virus watch program: a continuing surveillance of viral infections in metropolitan New York families. VII. Observations on viral excretion, seroimmunity, intrafamilial spread and illness association in coxsackie and echovirus infections. Am J Epidemiol. 1969 Jan. 89(1):51-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Koh WM, Bogich T, Siegel K, Jin J, Chong EY, Tan CY, et al. The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review and Analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016 Jun 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Smith WG. Coxsackie B myopericarditis in adults. Am Heart J. 1970 Jul. 80(1):34-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Koontz CH, Ray CG. The role of Coxsackie group B virus infections in sporadic myopericarditis. Am Heart J. 1971 Dec. 82(6):750-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kono R, Uchida Y. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Ophthalmol Dig. 1977. 39:14.
Rorabaugh ML, Berlin LE, Heldrich F, et al. Aseptic meningitis in infants younger than 2 years of age: acute illness and neurologic complications. Pediatrics. 1993 Aug. 92(2):206-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Modlin JF, Dagan R, Berlin LE, Virshup DM, Yolken RH, Menegus M. Focal encephalitis with enterovirus infections. Pediatrics. 1991 Oct. 88(4):841-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Quartier P, Debre M, De Blic J, et al. Early and prolonged intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in childhood agammaglobulinemia: a retrospective survey of 31 patients. J Pediatr. 1999 May. 134(5):589-96. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Melnick JL. The discovery of the enteroviruses and the classification of poliovirus among them. Biologicals. 1993 Dec. 21(4):305-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Oberste MS, Maher K, Kilpatrick DR, Flemister MR, Brown BA, Pallansch MA. Typing of human enteroviruses by partial sequencing of VP1. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 May. 37(5):1288-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Oberste MS, Maher K, Michele SM, Belliot G, Uddin M, Pallansch MA. Enteroviruses 76, 89, 90 and 91 represent a novel group within the species Human enterovirus A. J Gen Virol. 2005 Feb. 86:445-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Oberste MS, Maher K, Nix WA, et al. Molecular identification of 13 new enterovirus types, EV79-88, EV97, and EV100-101, members of the species Human Enterovirus B. Virus Res. 2007 Sep. 128(1-2):34-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rueckert RR. Picornaviridae and their replication. Fields BN, Knipe DM, eds. Virology. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1990. 507.
Couch RB, Douglas RG Jr, Lindgren KM, Gerone PJ, Knight V. Airborne transmission of respiratory infection with coxsackievirus A type 21. Am J Epidemiol. 1970 Jan. 91(1):78-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Onorato IM, Morens DM, Schonberger LB, Hatch MH, Kaminski RM, Turner JP. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus type 70: an epidemic in American Samoa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Sep. 34(5):984-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wolf JL, Rubin DH, Finberg R, et al. Intestinal M cells: a pathway for entry of reovirus into the host. Science. 1981 Apr 24. 212(4493):471-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Horstmann DM, Mccollum RW. Poliomyelitis virus in human blood during the minor illness and the asymptomatic infection. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Mar. 82(3):434-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Minor PD, John A, Ferguson M, Icenogle JP. Antigenic and molecular evolution of the vaccine strain of type 3 poliovirus during the period of excretion by a primary vaccinee. J Gen Virol. 1986 Apr. 67 ( Pt 4):693-706. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rose NR, Wolfgram LJ, Herskowitz A, Beisel KW. Postinfectious autoimmunity: two distinct phases of coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986. 475:146-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ogra PL, Karzon DT. Formation and function of poliovirus antibody in different tissues. Prog Med Virol. 1971. 13:157.
Torfason EG, Reimer CB, Keyserling HL. Subclass restriction of human enterovirus antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Aug. 25(8):1376-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Rager-Zisman B, Allison AC. The role of antibody and host cells in the resistance of mice against infection by coxsackie B-3 virus. J Gen Virol. 1973 Jun. 19(3):329-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Enterovirus surveillance--United States, 2002-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 17. 55(6):153-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterovirus surveillance--United States, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Nov 22. 51(46):1047-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Ikeda T, Mizuta K, Abiko C, Aoki Y, Itagaki T, Katsushima F, et al. Acute respiratory infections due to enterovirus 68 in Yamagata, Japan between 2005 and 2010. Microbiol Immunol. 2012 Feb. 56(2):139-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cortese MM, Kambhampati AK, Schuster JE, Alhinai Z, Nelson GR, Guzman Perez-Carrillo GJ, et al. A ten-year retrospective evaluation of acute flaccid myelitis at 5 pediatric centers in the United States, 2005-2014. PLoS One. 2020. 15 (2):e0228671. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Elrick MJ, Pekosz A, Duggal P. Enterovirus D68 Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Pathogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan 20. 100317. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Biggs HM, Nix WA, Zhang J, Rogers S, Clara W, Jara JH, et al. Enterovirus D68 infection among hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness in El Salvador and Panama, 2012-2013. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021 Mar. 15 (2):181-187. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Xiang Z, Xie Z, Liu L, Ren L, Xiao Y, Paranhos-Baccalà G, et al. Genetic divergence of enterovirus D68 in China and the United States. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9. 6:27800. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Enterovirus D68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/EV-D68.html?s_cid=cdc_homepage_whatsnew_001. Accessed: September 11, 2014.
Foster CB, Coelho R, Brown PM, Wadhwa A, Dossul A, Gonzalez BE, et al. A comparison of hospitalized children with enterovirus D68 to those with rhinovirus. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017 Jan 30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lipson SM, Walderman R, Costello P. Sensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma and guinea pig embryo cell cultures to field isolates of difficult-to-cultivate group A coxsackieviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 1986. 26:1298.
World Health Organization - Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean. AFP Surveillance, Polio Fax weekly bulletin. World Health Organization - Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean. 9/7/2009.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Glopal Polio Erradication Program. CDC. July 2009.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Wild Poliovirus Weekly Update. Sept 8,2009. Available at http://www.polioeradication.org/casecount.asp.
Kim HJ, Kang B, Hwang S, Hong J, Kim K, Cheon DS. Epidemics of viral meningitis caused by echovirus 6 and 30 in Korea in 2008. Virol J. 2012 Feb 15. 9:38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Bubba L, Broberg EK, Jasir A, Simmonds P, Harvala H, Enterovirus study collaborators. Circulation of non-polio enteroviruses in 24 EU and EEA countries between 2015 and 2017: a retrospective surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Mar. 20 (3):350-361. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Njoku DB, Nyland JF, Kaya Z, Yusung SA. Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. J Immunol. 2006 Mar 15. 176(6):3516-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Curnen EC, Shaw EW, Melnick JL. Disease resembling nonparalytic poliomyelitis associated with a virus pathogenic for infant mice. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Nov 26. 141(13):894-901. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weller TH, Enders JF, Buckingham M, Finn JJ Jr. The etiology of epidemic pleurodynia: a study of two viruses isolated from a typical outbreak. J Immunol. 1950 Sep. 65(3):337-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Warin JF, Davies JB, Sanders FK, Vizoso AD. Oxford epidemic of Bornholm disease, 1951. Br Med J. 1953 Jun 20. 1(4824):1345-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Narula J, Khaw BA, Dec GW Jr, et al. Brief report: recognition of acute myocarditis masquerading as acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 14. 328(2):100-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kono R. Apollo 11 disease or acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: a pandemic of a new enterovirus infection of the eyes. Am J Epidemiol. 1975 May. 101(5):383-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sklar VE, Patriarca PA, Onorato IM, et al. Clinical findings and results of treatment in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern Florida. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983 Jan. 95(1):45-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Arnow PM, Hierholzer JC, Higbee J. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: A mixed virus outbreak among Vietnamese refugees on Guam. Am J Epidemiol. 1977. 105:69.
Jacobson LM, Redd JT, Schneider E, et al. Outbreak of lower respiratory tract illness associated with human enterovirus 68 among American Indian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Mar. 31(3):309-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Marier R, Rodriguez W, Chloupek RJ, Brandt CD, Kim HW, Baltimore RS. Coxsackievirus B5 infection and aseptic meningitis in neonates and children. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Mar. 129(3):321-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Berlin LE, Rorabaugh ML, Heldrich F, Roberts K, Doran T, Modlin JF. Aseptic meningitis in infants < 2 years of age: diagnosis and etiology. J Infect Dis. 1993 Oct. 168(4):888-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Huang CC, Liu CC, Chang YC, Chen CY, Wang ST, Yeh TF. Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 23. 341(13):936-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cherry JL, Soriano F, Jahn CL. Search for perinatal enterovirus infection. Am J Dis Child. Sept/1968. 116(3):245-50.
Lukashev AN, Koroleva GA, Lashkevich VA, Mikhailov MI. [Enterovirus 71: epidemiology and diagnostics]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2009 May-Jun. 110-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Du Z, Huang Y, Lawrence WR, Xu J, Yang Z, Lu J, et al. Leading Enterovirus Genotypes Causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Guangzhou, China: Relationship with Climate and Vaccination against EV71. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 2. 18 (1):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tomba Ngangas S, Bisseux M, Jugie G, Lambert C, Cohen R, Werner A, et al. Coxsackievirus A6 Recombinant Subclades D3/A and D3/H Were Predominant in Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in the Paediatric Population, France, 2010-2018. Viruses. 2022 May 17. 14 (5):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Fowlkes AL, Honarmand S, Glaser C, et al. Enterovirus-associated encephalitis in the California encephalitis project, 1998-2005. J Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 1. 198(11):1685-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Roden VJ, Cantor HE, O'Connor DM, Schmidt RR, Cherry JD. Acute hemiphegia of childhood associated with Coxsackie A9 viral infection. J Pediatr. 1975 Jan. 86(1):56-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Whitley RJ, Cobbs CG, Alford CA Jr, et al. Diseases that mimic herpes simplex encephalitis. Diagnosis, presentation, and outcome. NIAD Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. JAMA. 1989 Jul 14. 262(2):234-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Barak Y, Schwartz JF. Acute transverse myelitis associated with ECHO type 5 infection. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Feb. 142(2):128. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Rotbart HA, Brennan PJ, Fife KH, et al. Enterovirus meningitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct. 27(4):896-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mathes EF, Oza V, Frieden IJ, et al. "Eczema coxsackium" and unusual cutaneous findings in an enterovirus outbreak. Pediatrics. 2013 Jul. 132(1):e149-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Begier EM, Oberste MS, Landry ML, et al. An outbreak of concurrent echovirus 30 and coxsackievirus A1 infections associated with sea swimming among a group of travelers to Mexico. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 1. 47(5):616-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Chung WH, Shih SR, Chang CF, et al. Clinicopathologic Analysis of Coxsackievirus A6 New Variant Induced Widespread Mucocutaneous Bullous Reactions Mimicking Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions. J Infect Dis. 2013 Aug 30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Pozzetto B, Gaudin OG, Aouni M, Ros A. Comparative evaluation of immunoglobulin M neutralizing antibody response in acute-phase sera and virus isolation for the routine diagnosis of enterovirus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Apr. 27(4):705-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Trabelsi A, Grattard F, Nejmeddine M, Aouni M, Bourlet T, Pozzetto B. Evaluation of an enterovirus group-specific anti-VP1 monoclonal antibody, 5-D8/1, in comparison with neutralization and PCR for rapid identification of enteroviruses in cell culture. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Sep. 33(9):2454-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Rotbart HA, Sawyer MH, Fast S, et al. Diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis by using PCR with a colorimetric microwell detection assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Oct. 32(10):2590-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Halonen P, Rocha E, Hierholzer J, et al. Detection of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses in clinical specimens by PCR and liquid-phase hybridization. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Mar. 33(3):648-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Archimbaud C, Chambon M, Bailly JL, et al. Impact of rapid enterovirus molecular diagnosis on the management of infants, children, and adults with aseptic meningitis. J Med Virol. 2009 Jan. 81(1):42-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Xiao XL, Wu H, Li YJ, et al. Simultaneous detection of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus A24 variant by multiplex real-time RT-PCR using an internal control. J Virol Methods. 2009 Jul. 159(1):23-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Avner E, Satz J, Plotkin SA. Hypoglycorrhachia in young infants with viral meningitis. J Pediatr. 1975. 87:883.
Garg A, Shiau J, Guyatt G. The ineffectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy in lymphocytic myocarditis: an overview. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Aug 15. 129(4):317-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Goland S, Czer LS, Siegel RJ, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for acute fulminant inflammatory cardiomyopathy: series of six patients and review of literature. Can J Cardiol. 2008 Jul. 24(7):571-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Rotbart HA, Webster AD. Treatment of potentially life-threatening enterovirus infections with pleconaril. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jan 15. 32(2):228-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Mason JW, O'Connell JB, Herskowitz A, et al. A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3. 333(5):269-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Brunetti L, DeSantis ER. Treatment of viral myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Jan 15. 65(2):132-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Engelmann I, Dewilde A, Lazrek M, Batteux M, Hamissi A, Yakoub-Agha I, et al. In Vivo Persistence of Human Rhinoviruses in Immunosuppressed Patients. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 2. 12 (2):e0170774. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kew O, Morris-Glasgow V, Landaverde M, et al. Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus. Science. 2002 Apr 12. 296(5566):356-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Combined immunization of infants with oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines: results of a randomized trial in The Gambia, Oman, and Thailand. WHO Collaborative Study Group on Oral and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccines. J Infect Dis. 1997 Feb. 175 Suppl 1:S215-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sutter RW, John TJ, Jain H, et al. Immunogenicity of bivalent types 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2010 Nov 13. 376(9753):1682-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lalani S, Gew LT, Poh CL. Antiviral peptides against Enterovirus A71 causing hand, foot and mouth disease. Peptides. 2021 Feb. 136:170443. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Li J, Yin X, Lin A, Nie X, Liu L, Liu S, et al. EV71 vaccination impact on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Jan 31. 1-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lee PI, Tsai TC, Huang YC, Wu CF, Hu YL, Lin TY. Effectiveness of case isolation and class suspension in mitigation of enterovirus transmission in children. J Infect Public Health. 2022 May. 15 (5):594-598. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wadia NH, Katrak SM, Misra VP, et al. Polio-like motor paralysis associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in an outbreak in 1981 in Bombay, India: clinical and serologic studies. J Infect Dis. 1983 Apr. 147(4):660-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Majer A, McGreevy A, Booth TF. Molecular Pathogenicity of Enteroviruses Causing Neurological Disease. Front Microbiol. 2020. 11:540. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
