Enteroviruses Questions & Answers

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21. Ogra PL, Karzon DT. Formation and function of poliovirus antibody in different tissues. Prog Med Virol. 1971. 13:157.

22. Torfason EG, Reimer CB, Keyserling HL. Subclass restriction of human enterovirus antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Aug. 25(8):1376-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterovirus surveillance--United States, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Nov 22. 51(46):1047-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Ikeda T, Mizuta K, Abiko C, Aoki Y, Itagaki T, Katsushima F, et al. Acute respiratory infections due to enterovirus 68 in Yamagata, Japan between 2005 and 2010. Microbiol Immunol. 2012 Feb. 56(2):139-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Cortese MM, Kambhampati AK, Schuster JE, Alhinai Z, Nelson GR, Guzman Perez-Carrillo GJ, et al. A ten-year retrospective evaluation of acute flaccid myelitis at 5 pediatric centers in the United States, 2005-2014. PLoS One. 2020. 15 (2):e0228671. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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29. Biggs HM, Nix WA, Zhang J, Rogers S, Clara W, Jara JH, et al. Enterovirus D68 infection among hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory illness in El Salvador and Panama, 2012-2013. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2021 Mar. 15 (2):181-187. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Xiang Z, Xie Z, Liu L, Ren L, Xiao Y, Paranhos-Baccalà G, et al. Genetic divergence of enterovirus D68 in China and the United States. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9. 6:27800. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Enterovirus D68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/about/EV-D68.html?s_cid=cdc_homepage_whatsnew_001. Accessed: September 11, 2014.

32. Foster CB, Coelho R, Brown PM, Wadhwa A, Dossul A, Gonzalez BE, et al. A comparison of hospitalized children with enterovirus D68 to those with rhinovirus. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017 Jan 30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Lipson SM, Walderman R, Costello P. Sensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma and guinea pig embryo cell cultures to field isolates of difficult-to-cultivate group A coxsackieviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 1986. 26:1298.

34. World Health Organization - Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean. AFP Surveillance, Polio Fax weekly bulletin. World Health Organization - Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean. 9/7/2009.

35. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Glopal Polio Erradication Program. CDC. July 2009.

36. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Wild Poliovirus Weekly Update. Sept 8,2009. Available at http://www.polioeradication.org/casecount.asp.

37. Kim HJ, Kang B, Hwang S, Hong J, Kim K, Cheon DS. Epidemics of viral meningitis caused by echovirus 6 and 30 in Korea in 2008. Virol J. 2012 Feb 15. 9:38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

38. Bubba L, Broberg EK, Jasir A, Simmonds P, Harvala H, Enterovirus study collaborators. Circulation of non-polio enteroviruses in 24 EU and EEA countries between 2015 and 2017: a retrospective surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Mar. 20 (3):350-361. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Njoku DB, Nyland JF, Kaya Z, Yusung SA. Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. J Immunol. 2006 Mar 15. 176(6):3516-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Curnen EC, Shaw EW, Melnick JL. Disease resembling nonparalytic poliomyelitis associated with a virus pathogenic for infant mice. J Am Med Assoc. 1949 Nov 26. 141(13):894-901. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Weller TH, Enders JF, Buckingham M, Finn JJ Jr. The etiology of epidemic pleurodynia: a study of two viruses isolated from a typical outbreak. J Immunol. 1950 Sep. 65(3):337-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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43. Narula J, Khaw BA, Dec GW Jr, et al. Brief report: recognition of acute myocarditis masquerading as acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 14. 328(2):100-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Kono R. Apollo 11 disease or acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: a pandemic of a new enterovirus infection of the eyes. Am J Epidemiol. 1975 May. 101(5):383-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Sklar VE, Patriarca PA, Onorato IM, et al. Clinical findings and results of treatment in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern Florida. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983 Jan. 95(1):45-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Arnow PM, Hierholzer JC, Higbee J. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: A mixed virus outbreak among Vietnamese refugees on Guam. Am J Epidemiol. 1977. 105:69.

47. Jacobson LM, Redd JT, Schneider E, et al. Outbreak of lower respiratory tract illness associated with human enterovirus 68 among American Indian children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 Mar. 31(3):309-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Marier R, Rodriguez W, Chloupek RJ, Brandt CD, Kim HW, Baltimore RS. Coxsackievirus B5 infection and aseptic meningitis in neonates and children. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Mar. 129(3):321-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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50. Huang CC, Liu CC, Chang YC, Chen CY, Wang ST, Yeh TF. Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 23. 341(13):936-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Cherry JL, Soriano F, Jahn CL. Search for perinatal enterovirus infection. Am J Dis Child. Sept/1968. 116(3):245-50.

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57. Whitley RJ, Cobbs CG, Alford CA Jr, et al. Diseases that mimic herpes simplex encephalitis. Diagnosis, presentation, and outcome. NIAD Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. JAMA. 1989 Jul 14. 262(2):234-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Barak Y, Schwartz JF. Acute transverse myelitis associated with ECHO type 5 infection. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Feb. 142(2):128. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. Rotbart HA, Brennan PJ, Fife KH, et al. Enterovirus meningitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Oct. 27(4):896-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Mathes EF, Oza V, Frieden IJ, et al. "Eczema coxsackium" and unusual cutaneous findings in an enterovirus outbreak. Pediatrics. 2013 Jul. 132(1):e149-57. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH Professor and Head of Dermatology, Professor of Pathology, Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, New York Academy of Medicine, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Smeeta Sinha, MD Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Smeeta Sinha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

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Alexander Velazquez, MD Fellow, Department of Infectious Diseases, Orlando Regional Medical Center

Alexander Velazquez, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Infectious Diseases Society of America

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Pratibha Dua, MD, MBBS Staff Physician, Internal Medicine, United Medical Park

Pratibha Dua, MD, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association

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Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD David Ross Boyd Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, Stewart G Wolf Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center; Master of the American College of Physicians; Fellow, Infectious Diseases Society of America; Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, Association of Professors of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Oklahoma State Medical Association, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mark R Wallace, MD, FACP, FIDSA Infectious Disease Physician, Skagit Valley Hospital, Skagit Regional Health

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Mary D Nettleman, MD, MS, MACP Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine

Mary D Nettleman, MD, MS, MACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Association of Professors of Medicine, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society of General Internal Medicine

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Rajendra Kapila, MD, MBBS † Professor, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Rajendra Kapila, MD, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Infectious Diseases Society of New Jersey

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