Psoriatic Arthritis Questions & Answers

1. Ritchlin CT, Colbert RA, Gladman DD. Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 9. 376 (10):957-970. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Alinaghi F, Calov M, Kristensen LE, Gladman DD, Coates LC, Jullien D, et al. Prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and clinical studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Jun 18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, Marchesoni A, Mease P, Mielants H. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug. 54(8):2665-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Mease PJ, Reich K. Alefacept with methotrexate for treatment of psoriatic arthritis: open-label extension of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Mar. 60(3):402-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Saad AA, Symmons DP, Noyce PR, Ashcroft DM. Risks and benefits of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in the management of psoriatic arthritis: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Rheumatol. 2008 May. 35(5):883-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Brunk D. More Severe Psoriasis Linked to an Increased Risk of PsA. Medscape Medical News. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/960038. September 30, 2021; Accessed: October 28, 2021.

7. Reich K, Kruger K, Mossner R, Augustin M. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: a prospective interdisciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009 May. 160(5):1040-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Mease P, Krueger GG, Gladman D, Gomez-Reino J, et al. Golimumab, a new human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody, administered every four weeks as a subcutaneous injection in psoriatic arthritis: Twenty-four-week efficacy and safety results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr. 60(4):976-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Guttman-Yassky E, Krueger JG. Psoriasis: evolution of pathogenic concepts and new therapies through phases of translational research. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Dec. 157(6):1103-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Fitzgerald O, Winchester R. Psoriatic arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009. 11(1):214. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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13. Häfner R, Michels H. Psoriatic arthritis in children. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1996 Sep. 8 (5):467-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Fiocco U, Cozzi L, Chieco-Bianchi F, Rigon C, Vezzu M, Favero E, et al. Vascular changes in psoriatic knee joint synovitis. J Rheumatol. 2001 Nov. 28(11):2480-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Chandran V, Raychaudhuri SP. Geoepidemiology and environmental factors of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2010 May. 34(3):J314-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Nograles KE, Brasington RD, Bowcock AM. New insights into the pathogenesis and genetics of psoriatic arthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2009 Feb. 5(2):83-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Duffin KC, Chandran V, Gladman DD, Krueger GG, Elder JT, Rahman P. Genetics of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: update and future direction. J Rheumatol. 2008 Jul. 35(7):1449-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Chandran V, Schentag CT, Brockbank JE, Pellett FJ, Shanmugarajah S, Toloza SM, et al. Familial aggregation of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 May. 68(5):664-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Liu Y, Helms C, Liao W, Zaba LC, Duan S, Gardner J, et al. A genome-wide association study of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis identifies new disease loci. PLoS Genet. 2008 Mar 28. 4(3):e1000041. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

20. Nair RP, Duffin KC, Helms C, Ding J, Stuart PE, Goldgar D, et al. Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways. Nat Genet. 2009 Feb. 41(2):199-204. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

21. Huffmeier U, Uebe S, Ekici AB, Bowes J, Giardina E, Korendowych E, et al. Common variants at TRAF3IP2 are associated with susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. Nat Genet. 2010 Nov. 42(11):996-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Sun LD, Cheng H, Wang ZX, Zhang AP, Wang PG, Xu JH, et al. Association analyses identify six new psoriasis susceptibility loci in the Chinese population. Nat Genet. 2010 Nov. 42(11):1005-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Ellinghaus E, Ellinghaus D, Stuart PE, Nair RP, Debrus S, Raelson JV, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies a psoriasis susceptibility locus at TRAF3IP2. Nat Genet. 2010 Nov. 42(11):991-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Cargill M, Schrodi SJ, Chang M, Garcia VE, Brandon R, Callis KP, et al. A large-scale genetic association study confirms IL12B and leads to the identification of IL23R as psoriasis-risk genes. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Feb. 80(2):273-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Rozenblit M, Lebwohl M. New biologics for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatol Ther. 2009 Jan-Feb. 22(1):56-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Huffmeier U, Lascorz J, Bohm B, Lohmann J, Wendler J, Mossner R, et al. Genetic variants of the IL-23R pathway: association with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis vulgaris, but no specific risk factor for arthritis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Feb. 129(2):355-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Al-Heresh AM, Proctor J, Jones SM, Dixey J, Cox B, Welsh K, et al. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism and the HLA-Cw*0602 allele in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002 May. 41(5):525-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Choy E. T cells in psoriatic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007 Dec. 9(6):437-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Ho PY, Barton A, Worthington J, Plant D, Griffiths CE, Young HS, et al. Investigating the role of the HLA-Cw*06 and HLA-DRB1 genes in susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis: comparison with psoriasis and undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 May. 67(5):677-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Nickoloff BJ, Nestle FO. Recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis provide new therapeutic opportunities. J Clin Invest. 2004 Jun. 113(12):1664-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Nair RP, Stuart PE, Nistor I, Hiremagalore R, Chia NV, Jenisch S, et al. Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 May. 78(5):827-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

32. Eder L, Pellett F, Chandran V, Shanmugarajah S, Gladman DD. HLA- B*27 and Cw*06 are risk alleles for psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients (abstract). Arthritis Rheum. 2010. 62(suppl 10):1974.

33. Kimball AB, Gordon KB, Langley RG, Menter A, Chartash EK, Valdes J. Safety and efficacy of ABT-874, a fully human interleukin 12/23 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Arch Dermatol. 2008 Feb. 144(2):200-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Rahman P, Siannis F, Butt C, Farewell V, Peddle L, Pellett F, et al. TNFalpha polymorphisms and risk of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Jul. 65(7):919-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

35. Rahman P, Roslin NM, Pellett FJ, Lemire M, Greenwood CM, Beyene J, et al. High resolution mapping in the major histocompatibility complex region identifies multiple independent novel loci for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Apr. 70(4):690-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Pollock R, Chandran V, Barrett J, Eder L, Pellett F, Yao C, et al. Differential major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related A allele associations with skin and joint manifestations of psoriatic disease. Tissue Antigens. 2011 Jun. 77(6):554-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Benson JM, Sachs CW, Treacy G, Zhou H, Pendley CE, Brodmerkel CM, et al. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-12/23 pathways: generation and characterization of ustekinumab. Nat Biotechnol. 2011 Jul. 29(7):615-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Strange A, Capon F, Spencer CC, Knight J, Weale ME, Allen MH, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1. Nat Genet. 2010 Nov. 42(11):985-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

39. van Kuijk AW, Tak PP. Synovitis in psoriatic arthritis: immunohistochemistry, comparisons with rheumatoid arthritis, and effects of therapy. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011 Aug. 13 (4):353-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

40. Coates LC, FitzGerald O, Helliwell PS, Paul C. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis: Is all inflammation the same?. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Dec. 46 (3):291-304. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

41. Kruithof E, Baeten D, De Rycke L, Vandooren B, Foell D, Roth J, et al. Synovial histopathology of psoriatic arthritis, both oligo- and polyarticular, resembles spondyloarthropathy more than it does rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005. 7 (3):R569-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Eder L, Shanmugarajah S, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Rosen CF, Cook RJ, et al. The association between smoking and the development of psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Feb. 71 (2):219-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. About Psoriatic Arthritis. National Psoriasis Foundation. Available at https://www.psoriasis.org/about-psoriatic-arthritiss. Accessed: December 7, 2019.

44. Gelfand JM, Gladman DD, Mease PJ, Smith N, Margolis DJ, Nijsten T, et al. Epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in the population of the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Oct. 53 (4):573. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Incidence and clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Feb 15. 61(2):233-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

46. Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2009 Feb. 36(2):361-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

47. Scotti L, Franchi M, Marchesoni A, Corrao G. Prevalence and incidence of psoriatic arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Aug. 48 (1):28-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Henes JC, Ziupa E, Eisfelder M, Adamczyk A, Knaudt B, Jacobs F, et al. High prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in dermatological patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Oct 10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Eder L, Haddad A, Rosen CF, Lee KA, Chandran V, Cook R, et al. The incidence and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis - a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 Nov 10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

50. Kerr GS, Qaiyumi S, Richards J, Vahabzadeh-Monshie H, Kindred C, Whelton S, et al. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in African-American patients--the need to measure disease burden. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Oct. 34 (10):1753-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Eder L, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Gender difference in disease expression, radiographic damage and disability among patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr. 72(4):578-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Zangger P, Gladman DD, Bogoch ER. Musculoskeletal surgery in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1998 Apr. 25 (4):725-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Buckley C, Cavill C, Taylor G, Kay H, Waldron N, Korendowych E, et al. Mortality in psoriatic arthritis - a single-center study from the UK. J Rheumatol. 2010 Oct. 37(10):2141-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Husted JA, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Eder L, Rosen CF, Cook RJ, et al. Cardiovascular and other comorbidities in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Dec. 63(12):1729-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Labitigan M, Bahce-Altuntas A, Kremer JM, Reed G, Greenberg JD, Jordan N, et al. Higher rates and clustering of abnormal lipids, obesity, and diabetes in psoriatic arthritis compared with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Semb AG, Kvien TK, DeMicco DA, Fayyad R, Wun CC, LaRosa JC, et al. Effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy on cardiovascular outcome in patients with and those without inflammatory joint disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Sep. 64(9):2836-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Ursin K, Lydersen S, Skomsvoll JF, Wallenius M. Disease activity of psoriatic arthritis during and after pregnancy: A prospective multicenter study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Sep 7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Gottlieb AB, Merola JF. Axial psoriatic arthritis: An update for dermatologists. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Jan. 84 (1):92-101. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

59. Deane KD. Identifying Preclinical Psoriatic Arthritis in Hope of Prevention. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/880884. May 31, 2017; Accessed: June 16, 2017.

60. Eder L, Polachek A, Rosen CF, Chandran V, Cook R, Gladman DD. The Development of Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients With Psoriasis Is Preceded by a Period of Nonspecific Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Mar. 69 (3):622-629. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Augustin M, Blome C, Costanzo A, Dauden E, Ferrandiz C, Girolomoni G, et al. Nail Assessment in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (NAPPA): Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessment of Nail Psoriasis Outcomes. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Oct 11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Sanyal K, Stuart B. Osteopoikilosis: spotted bone disease in a patient with psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Aug. 16(5):251. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

63. Siannis F, Farewell VT, Cook RJ, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Clinical and radiological damage in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Apr. 65(4):478-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

64. Tillett W, Jadon D, Shaddick G, Robinson G, Sengupta R, Korendowych E, et al. Feasibility, reliability, and sensitivity to change of four radiographic scoring methods in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Feb. 66 (2):311-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

65. Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Donato E, Di Carlo M, Luchetti MM, Ceccarelli L, et al. Preliminary validation of the Simplified Psoriatic Arthritis Radiographic Score (SPARS). Skeletal Radiol. 2019 Jul. 48 (7):1033-1041. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

66. Zabotti A, Mandl P, Zampogna G, Dejaco C, Iagnocco A. One year in review 2018: ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018 Jul-Aug. 36 (4):519-525. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

67. Smerilli G, Di Matteo A, Cipolletta E, Grassi W, Filippucci E. Enthesitis in Psoriatic Arthritis, the Sonographic Perspective. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2021 Aug 24. 23 (9):75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

68. Van den Bosch F, Coates L. Clinical management of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet. 2018 Jun 2. 391 (10136):2285-2294. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

69. Feldman SR. A quantitative definition of severe psoriasis for use in clinical trials. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004 Jan. 15:27-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

70. Pariser DM, Bagel J, Gelfand JM, Korman NJ, Ritchlin CT, Strober BE, et al. National Psoriasis Foundation clinical consensus on disease severity. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Feb. 143:239–42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

71. Helliwell PS, Kavanaugh A. Comparison of composite measures of disease activity in psoriatic arthritis using data from an interventional study with golimumab. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Oct 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

72. Mulder M, den Broeder A, van Ginneken B, Vriezekolk J, Mahler E, van den Hoogen F, et al. SAT0392 IMPLEMENTING THE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORE (PASDAS) IN ROUTINE CLINICAL PRACTICE: (IM)POSSIBLE?. Ann Rheum Dis. June 15, 2019. 78 suppl 2:[Full Text].

73. Scarpa R, Peluso R, Atteno M, Manguso F, Spano A, Iervolino S, et al. The effectiveness of a traditional therapeutical approach in early psoriatic arthritis: results of a pilot randomised 6-month trial with methotrexate. Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Jul. 27(7):823-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

74. Lindsay K, Fraser AD, Layton A, Goodfield M, Gruss H, Gough A. Liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis on long-term, high cumulative dose methotrexate therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 May. 48(5):569-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. Boggs W. Methotrexate Side Effects, Intolerance Common in Arthritis Patients. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/818646. Accessed: January 14, 2014.

76. Bulatovic Calasan M, van den Bosch OF, Creemers MC, Custers M, Heurkens AH, van Woerkom JM, et al. Prevalence of methotrexate intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013 Dec 18. 15(6):R217. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

77. Yang K, Oak ASW, Elewski BE. Use of IL-23 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021 Mar. 22 (2):173-192. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

78. Mease PJ, McInnes IB, Kirkham B, Kavanaugh A, Rahman P, van der Heijde D, et al. Secukinumab Inhibition of Interleukin-17A in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct. 373 (14):1329-39. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

79. McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Kirkham B, Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin CT, Rahman P, et al. Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (FUTURE 2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 19. 386 (9999):1137-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

80. Brooks M. FDA approves certolizumab for psoriatic arthritis. Medscape Medical News. September 30, 2013. [Full Text].

81. Walsh JA, Gottlieb AB, Hoepken B, Nurminen T, Mease PJ. Efficacy of certolizumab pegol with and without concomitant use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs over 4 years in psoriatic arthritis patients: results from the RAPID-PsA randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Sep 6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

82. Kavanaugh A, Husni ME, Harrison DD, Kim L, Lo KH, Leu JH, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous golimumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: Results through week 24 of the GO-VIBRANT study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Aug 13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

83. Brooks M. Ustekinumab approved for psoriatic arthritis in US, Europe. Medscape Medical News [serial online]. September 23, 2013. Medscape. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/811496. Accessed: October 25, 2013.

84. McInnes IB, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, Puig L, Rahman P, Ritchlin C, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: 1 year results of the phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT 1 trial. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31. 382(9894):780-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

85. Tremfya (guselkumab) [package insert]. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc. July 2020. Available at [Full Text].

86. Kristensen LE, Keiserman M, Papp K, McCasland L, White D, Lu W, et al. Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for active psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results from the randomised, double-blind, phase 3 KEEPsAKE 1 trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Feb. 81 (2):225-231. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

87. Östör A, Van den Bosch F, Papp K, Asnal C, Blanco R, Aelion J, et al. Efficacy and safety of risankizumab for active psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results from the randomised, double-blind, phase 3 KEEPsAKE 2 trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Nov 23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

88. Baraliakos X, Gossec L, Pournara E, Jeka S, Mera-Varela A, D'Angelo S, et al. Secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial manifestations: results from the double-blind, randomised, phase 3 MAXIMISE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 May. 80 (5):582-590. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

89. Mease PJ, Gottlieb AB, van der Heijde D, FitzGerald O, Johnsen A, Nys M, et al. Efficacy and safety of abatacept, a T-cell modulator, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 May 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

90. Mease PJ, van der Heijde D, Ritchlin CT, Okada M, Cuchacovich RS, Shuler CL, et al. Ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A specific monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of biologic-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results from the 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active (adalimumab)-controlled period of the phase III trial SPIRIT-P1. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jan. 76 (1):79-87. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

91. Nash P, Kirkham B, Okada M, Rahman P, Combe B, Burmester GR, et al. Ixekizumab for the treatment of patients with active psoriatic arthritis and an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: results from the 24-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled period of the SPIRIT-P2 phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017 Jun 10. 389 (10086):2317-2327. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

92. Mease P, Hall S, FitzGerald O, van der Heijde D, Merola JF, Avila-Zapata F, et al. Tofacitinib or Adalimumab versus Placebo for Psoriatic Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 19. 377 (16):1537-1550. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

93. Gladman D, Rigby W, Azevedo VF, Behrens F, Blanco R, Kaszuba A, et al. Tofacitinib for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with an Inadequate Response to TNF Inhibitors. N Engl J Med. 2017 Oct 19. 377 (16):1525-1536. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

94. Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, Gomez-Reino JJ, Adebajo AO, Wollenhaupt J, Gladman DD, et al. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis in a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled trial with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Mar 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

95. Schett G, Wollenhaupt J, Papp K, Joos R, Rodrigues JF, Vessey AR, et al. Oral apremilast in the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Oct. 64(10):3156-67. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

96. Brooks M. FDA Clears Apremilast (Otezla) for Psoriatic Arthritis. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/822396. Accessed: March 24, 2014.

97. Otezla (apremilast) prescribing information [package insert]. Summit, NJ.: Celgene Corp. 2014. Available at [Full Text].

98. Soriano A, Pipitone N, Salvarani C. Cyclosporine in psoriatic arthropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015 Sep-Oct. 33 (5 Suppl 93):S101-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

99. Schrader P, Mooser G, Peter RU, Puhl W. [Preliminary results in the therapy of psoriatic arthritis with mycophenolate mofetil]. Z Rheumatol. 2002 Oct. 61(5):545-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

100. Ford AR, Siegel M, Bagel J, Cordoro KM, Garg A, Gottlieb A, et al. Dietary Recommendations for Adults With Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: A Systematic Review. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Aug 1. 154 (8):934-950. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

101. Sorbara S, Cozzani E, Rebora A, Parodi A. Hydroxychloroquine in psoriasis: is it really harmful?. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006. 86 (5):450-1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

102. [Guideline] Singh JA, Guyatt G, Ogdie A, Gladman DD, Deal C, et al. Special Article: 2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Jan. 71 (1):5-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

103. Coates LC, Fransen J, Helliwell PS. Defining minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a proposed objective target for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jan. 69:48–53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

104. Taylor G, McNeill A, Girling A, Farley A, Lindson-Hawley N, Aveyard P. Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014 feb. 348:g1158. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

105. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003 Jul. 290:86–97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

106. Kocijan R, Englbrecht M, Haschka J, Simon D, Kleyer A, Finzel S, et al. Quantitative and Qualitative Changes of Bone in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients. J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Oct. 30 (10):1775-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

107. Simon D, Kleyer A, Bayat S, Tascilar K, Kampylafka E, Meinderink T, et al. Effect of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on bone structure and strength in psoriatic arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jul 3. 21 (1):162. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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Anwar Al Hammadi, MD, FRCPC Consultant and Head of Dermatology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority; Clinical Associate Professor of Dermatology, Dubai Medical College; Clinical Assistant Professor of Dermatology, University of Sharjah, UAE

Anwar Al Hammadi, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Canadian Dermatology Association, Skin Cancer Foundation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Khadija Aljefri, MBChB, MSc, MRCP(UK), MRCP(Derm) Consultant Dermatologist, DermaMed Clinic; Lecturer, Dubai Medical College, UAE

Khadija Aljefri, MBChB, MSc, MRCP(UK), MRCP(Derm) is a member of the following medical societies: British Medical Association, British Association of Dermatologists, Emirates Dermatology Society, Saudi Society of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Galderma, Sanofi, Ego <br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Galderma, Sanofi, Ego .

Herbert S Diamond, MD Visiting Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Chairman Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Western Pennsylvania Hospital

Herbert S Diamond, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Humeira Badsha, MD Consultant Rheumatologist, Dr Humeira Badsha Medical Center, UAE

Humeira Badsha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Rheumatology, Emirates Society for Rheumatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Bruce Buehler, MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Director RSA, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Bruce Buehler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association on Mental Retardation, American College of Medical Genetics, American College of Physician Executives, American Medical Association, and Nebraska Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS Director of Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research and Staff Physiatrist, Barrow Neurology Clinics, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Investigator for Barrow Neurology Clinics; Director, NARCOMS Project for Consortium of MS Centers

Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Paraplegia Society, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers

Disclosure: Teva Neuroscience Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Serono-Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genzyme Corporation Grant/research funds investigator; Biogen Idec Grant/research funds investigator; Genentech, Inc Grant/research funds investigator; Eli Lilly & Company Grant/research funds investigator; Novartis investigator; MSDx LLC Grant/research funds investigator; BioMS Technology Corp Grant/research funds investigator; Avanir Pharmaceuticals Grant/research funds investigator

Vinod Chandran, MBBS, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Staff Physician, Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Dans, MD, PhD Clinical Instructor, Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Francisco

Michael J Dans, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology and American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dirk M Elston, MD Director, Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York

Dirk M Elston, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Patrick M Foye, MD Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Co-Director of Musculoskeletal Fellowship, Co-Director of Back Pain Clinic, Director of Coccyx Pain Service (Tailbone Pain Service: www.TailboneDoctor.com), University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School

Patrick M Foye, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and International Spine Intervention Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dafna D Gladman, MD, FRCPC Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Staff Physician, Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Elliot Goldberg, MD Dean of the Western Pennsylvania Clinical Campus, Professor, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine

Elliot Goldberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, and American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Peter D Gorevic, MD, Professor and Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey M Heftler, MD Interventional Physiatrist, Orthopaedic and Neurosurgical Specialists, Greenwich, CT

Jeffrey M Heftler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and International Spine Intervention Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Alexa F Boer Kimball, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Dermatology, Harvard University School of Medicine; Vice Chair, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Director of Clinical Unit for Research Trials in Skin (CURTIS), Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital

Alexa F Boer Kimball, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, and Society for Investigative Dermatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for the Advancement of Women's Health and Division of Rheumatology, Director, Rheumatology Training Program, University of Kentucky College of Medicine

Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians and American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christen M Mowad, MD Associate Professor, Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center

Christen M Mowad, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Dermatological Association, Noah Worcester Dermatological Society, Pennsylvania Academy of Dermatology, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael F Saulino, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MossRehab, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University

Michael F Saulino, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports and Occupational Rehabilitation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Abby S Van Voorhees, MD Assistant Professor, Director of Psoriasis Services and Phototherapy Units, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Abby S Van Voorhees, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, National Psoriasis Foundation, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, and Women's Dermatologic Society

Disclosure: Amgen Honoraria Consulting; Abbott Honoraria Consulting; Merck Salary Management position; Abbott Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Amgen Honoraria Review panel membership; Centocor Honoraria Consulting; Leo Consulting; Merck None Other

Karolyn A Wanat, MD Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Karolyn A Wanat, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Dermatology, American Medical Association, and American Medical Women's Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rajesh R Yadav, MD Associate Professor, Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Rajesh R Yadav, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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