Medical Care

Reovirus

No specific treatment or prevention measures have been recommended for reovirus infections in humans because of the lack of definitive association with disease.

Colorado tick fever

Ribavirin may merit consideration in the appropriate clinical setting. Bed rest, fluids, and antipyretics are recommended as symptomatic therapy.

Rotavirus

Treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis consists of restoring the fluid loss in dehydrated patients. Emphasis has shifted from intravenous to oral rehydration using glucose electrolyte solutions. The solution recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) contains 30 mEq/L of sodium, 30 mEq/L of potassium, and 30 mEq of bicarbonate. In cases of severe dehydration, intravenous solutions can be used. Antimotility drugs are rarely indicated in children with gastroenteritis because the potential risks outweigh the benefits.

Diet

Start feeding within 24 hours of rotavirus gastroenteritis. This includes breast milk or diluted formula or milk in infants and lactose-free, carbohydrate-rich foods in older children. Fruit juice and soft drinks are not recommended because of their low sodium and high glucose concentrations.

Medication

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Author

Andrew Stevenson Joel Chandranesan, MBBS Assistant Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Associate Program Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program, Louisiana State University School of Medicine in Shreveport

Andrew Stevenson Joel Chandranesan, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: Infectious Diseases Society of America, Massachusetts Infectious Diseases Society, Massachusetts Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Aaron Glatt, MD Chairman, Department of Medicine, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Epidemiologist, South Nassau Communities Hospital

Aaron Glatt, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Thoracic Society, American Venereal Disease Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, International AIDS Society, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

John L Brusch, MD, FACP Corresponding Faculty Member, Harvard Medical School

John L Brusch, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

John W King, MD Professor of Medicine, Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, Director, Viral Therapeutics Clinics for Hepatitis, Louisiana State University School of Medicine in Shreveport; Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Overton Brooks Veterans Affairs Medical Center

John W King, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Society for Microbiology, Association of Subspecialty Professors, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gholamreza Rasouli, MD

Gholamreza Rasouli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Wesley W Emmons, MD, FACP Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University; Consulting Staff, Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Christiana Care, Newark, DE

Wesley W Emmons, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and International AIDS Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.