Overview
What is urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What are the symptoms and signs of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How is urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosed?
What is the definition of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How is cystitis (UTI) treated?
What are the considerations for antibiotic selection in the treatment of cystitis (UTI)?
What is the duration of antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis (UTI)?
When should hospitalization be considered for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What are the types of urinary tract infections (UTI)?
How is urinary tract infection (UTI) defined and how common is it?
How is a urinary tract infection (UTI) or cystitis (bladder infection) diagnosed?
How is cystitis (UTI) managed?
How does urinary tract infection (UTI) and cystitis (bladder infection) develop?
What are the mechanisms responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What is the pathophysiology of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What defenses against uropathogens exist to suppress urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Which organisms are responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Can urinary tract infection (UTI) be caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens?
What are the risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
When does calculi related to urinary tract infection (UTI) occur?
What is candiduria and what are its risk factors?
What is the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and cystitis in the US?
What is the global prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Is urinary tract infection (UTI) more common in men or women?
What is the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among different age groups?
How do rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) differ in postmenopausal women?
What is the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among neonates and young children?
What is the duration of cystitis (UTI) symptoms with treatment?
What do patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) need to know regarding prevention and treatment?
Presentation
What are the symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What are the physical exam findings of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How are acute urethritis and cystitis differentiated?
What signs and symptoms suggest urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with spinal cord injury?
What signs and symptoms suggest catheter-related urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What is the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and cystitis during pregnancy?
What types of complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) can develop in patients with diabetes?
DDX
What are the diagnostic considerations of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older women?
What are the diagnostic considerations of cystitis (UTI)?
What are the diagnostic considerations of urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy?
What are the diagnostic considerations of urinary tract infection (UTI) in women with diabetes?
What are the diagnostic considerations of urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly patients?
Workup
Is a urine culture required to diagnose urinary tract infection (UTI) in women?
What is the prevalence and significance of microscopic hematuria in cystitis (UTI)?
What is the significance of bacteremia in the workup of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What tests or exams are helpful in the evaluation of cystitis (UTI)?
What urinalysis results suggest cystitis (UTI)?
What role does dipstick testing play in urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis?
What role does urine microscopic analysis play in urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis?
What role do nitrite tests play in urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis?
How is urine culture used in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How is a CBC count used in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
When is catheterization indicated for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How does diabetes mellitus affect urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Treatment
What is the effect of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated acute cystitis (bladder infection)?
What is the role of TMP-SMX in treatment of urinary tract infection (bladder infection)?
What increases the risk of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI)?
How does treatment affect duration of cystitis (UTI) symptoms?
When is hospitalization necessary for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI)?
In which patients are uncomplicated cystitis (UTI) most common and how is it treated?
How are underlying conditions associated with complicated cystitis (UTI) treated?
What antimicrobial therapy is suggested in patients with a lower urinary tract infection?
What antimicrobial therapy is suggested for women with acute bacterial cystitis (UTI)?
What are single-dose antimicrobial therapies for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment?
What is the role of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What is the role of beta-lactam agents for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment?
What adjunctive therapy exists for urinary tract infection (UTI) antimicrobial therapy?
What urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment is recommended for patients with spinal cord injury?
What urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment is recommended for pregnant patients?
What urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment is recommended for renal transplant patients?
What dietary changes can be made to treat urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What type of consultation is necessary for patients with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
When should prophylactic measures be taken for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
What prophylactic measures can be taken to prevent urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Medications
What are the goals and considerations of drug treatment for urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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Nonobstructing distal left ureteral calculus 2 X 1 X 2 cm.
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Multiple abscesses, upper pole of left kidney.
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Bilateral hydronephrosis.
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Plain radiograph in a 63-year-old patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus shows emphysematous cystitis.
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Lactobacilli and a squamous epithelial cell are evident on this vaginal smear. The presence of squamous cells and lactobacilli on urinalysis suggests contamination or colonization. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr. Mike Miller
Tables
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- Overview
- Presentation
- DDx
- Workup
- Treatment
- Approach Considerations
- Uncomplicated Cystitis in Nonpregnant Patients
- Complicated Cystitis in Nonpregnant Women
- Antimicrobial Therapy
- Adjunctive Therapy
- Fungal Infection
- Treatment in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
- Pregnant Patients
- Renal Transplantation Patients
- Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
- Diet
- Consultations
- Prevention and Long-Term Monitoring
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- Guidelines
- Medication
- Questions & Answers
- Media Gallery
- Tables
- References