Overview
What is acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
When was acute glomerulonephritis (GN) first identified?
What is the pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are structural and functional changes in the pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the pathophysiology of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (GN)?
How are the causes of acute glomerulonephritis (GN) categorized?
What are the infectious causes of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Which bacteria cause nonstreptococcal postinfectious glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the viral causes of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the noninfectious causes of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What the multisystem systemic diseases that cause acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the primary renal diseases that cause acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the miscellaneous noninfectious causes of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the global prevalence of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the prevalence of acute glomerulonephritis (GN) in the US?
Which patient groups have the highest prevalence of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the prognosis of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is included in patient education about acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the signs and symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the classic presentations of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Which physical findings are characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are signs of fluid overload in acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the physical signs of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the possible complications of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
DDX
Which conditions should be included in the differential diagnoses of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What are the differential diagnoses for Acute Glomerulonephritis?
Workup
Which tests are performed in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of blood tests in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of serum complement measurement in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of a streptozyme test in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of a blood tissue culture in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of antibody tests in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Which lab tests are indicated in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of radiography in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of CT scanning in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of echocardiography in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is the role of kidney biopsy in the workup of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Treatment
How is acute glomerulonephritis (GN) treated?
Which medications are used in the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Which dietary and activity modifications are used in the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
What is included in the long-term monitoring of acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
Medications
What is the goal of drug treatment for acute glomerulonephritis (GN)?
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Light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin stain X 25): Photograph showing enlargement of glomerular tuft with marked decrease of urinary space and hypercellularity. The hypercellularity is due to proliferation of endogenous cells and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate. Photograph courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Light microscopy (periodic acid-Schiff stain X 40): Photograph showing enlargement of glomerular tuft with marked decrease of urinary space and hypercellularity. The hypercellularity is due to proliferation of endogenous cells and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate. Photograph courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Immunofluorescence (X25): Fine granular deposits of immunoglobulin G (IgG) along the basement membrane and mesangium, with "starry sky" appearance. Photograph courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Ultrastructure (electron microscopy): Photograph showing proliferation of endothelial cells and mesangial cells and leukocyte infiltrate associated with presence of large, subepithelial, electron-dense deposits (ie, "hump") (see arrow). Photograph courtesy of Madeleine Moussa, MD, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.