IgA Nephropathy Questions & Answers

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11. Rehnberg J, Symreng A, Ludvigsson JF, Emilsson L. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is More Common in Patients with IgA Nephropathy and Predicts Progression of ESKD: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Feb. 32 (2):411-423. [Medline].

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16. Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Baehler RW, et al. Epidemiology of IgA nephropathy in central and eastern Kentucky for the period 1975 through 1994. Central Kentucky Region of the Southeastern United States IgA Nephropathy DATABANK Project. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998 May. 9(5):853-8. [Medline].

17. Pei Pei Huang, Dan Hua Shu, Zhen Su, Sheng Nan Luo, Fei Fei Xu, Fan Lin. Association between lifestyle, gender and risk for developing end-stage renal failure in IgA nephropathy: a case-control study within 10 years. Renal Failure. 2019. 41:914–920. [Medline].

18. Walsh M, Sar A, Lee D, et al. Histopathologic features aid in predicting risk for progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar. 5(3):425-30. [Medline]. [Full Text].

19. Shen PC, He LQ, Tang Y, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of asymptomatic IgA nephropathy. J Investig Med. 2010 Mar. 58(3):560-5. [Medline].

20. Haas M, Verhave JC, Liu ZH, Alpers CE, Barratt J, Becker JU, et al. A Multicenter Study of the Predictive Value of Crescents in IgA Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Feb. 28 (2):691-701. [Medline].

21. Le W, Liang S, Hu Y, Deng K, Bao H, Zeng C, et al. Long-term renal survival and related risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy: results from a cohort of 1155 cases in a Chinese adult population. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Apr. 27 (4):1479-85. [Medline].

22. Xie J, Kiryluk K, Wang W, Wang Z, Guo S, Shen P, et al. Predicting progression of IgA nephropathy: new clinical progression risk score. PLoS One. 2012. 7 (6):e38904. [Medline]. [Full Text].

23. Rollino C, Vischini G, Coppo R. IgA nephropathy and infections. J Nephrol. 2016 Aug. 29 (4):463-8. [Medline].

24. Scolari F, Amoroso A, Savoldi S, et al. Familial clustering of IgA nephropathy: further evidence in an Italian population. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 May. 33(5):857-65. [Medline].

25. In JW, Jung K, Shin S, Park KU, Lee H, Song EY. Association of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles with Susceptibility to IgA Nephropathy in Korean Patients. Ann Lab Med. 2022 Jan 1. 42 (1):54-62. [Medline]. [Full Text].

26. Zhou XJ, Tsoi LC, Hu Y, Patrick MT, He K, Berthier CC, et al. Exome Chip Analyses and Genetic Risk for IgA Nephropathy among Han Chinese. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Feb 8. 16 (2):213-224. [Medline].

27. Ai Z, Li M, Liu W, Foo JN, Mansouri O, Yin P, et al. Low α-defensin gene copy number increases the risk for IgA nephropathy and renal dysfunction. Sci Transl Med. 2016 Jun 29. 8 (345):345ra88. [Medline].

28. Hahn WH, Suh JS, Cho BS, Kim SD. The enabled homolog gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility and progression of childhood IgA nephropathy. Exp Mol Med. 2009 Nov 30. 41(11):793-801. [Medline]. [Full Text].

29. Floege J, Rauen T, Tang SCW. Current treatment of IgA nephropathy. Semin Immunopathol. 2021 Oct. 43 (5):717-728. [Medline]. [Full Text].

30. Appel GB, Waldman M. The IgA nephropathy treatment dilemma. Kidney Int. 2006 Jun. 69(11):1939-44. [Medline].

31. Gharavi AG, Yan Y, Scolari F, et al. IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22-23. Nat Genet. 26(3):354-7. [Medline].

32. Glassock RJ. Moderator's view: Treatment of IgA nephropathy-getting comfortable with uncertainty. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Nov. 31 (11):1776-1780. [Medline]. [Full Text].

33. Thompson A, Carroll K, A Inker L, Floege J, Perkovic V, Boyer-Suavet S, et al. Proteinuria Reduction as a Surrogate End Point in Trials of IgA Nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 Mar 7. 14 (3):469-481. [Medline]. [Full Text].

34. Shoji T, Nakanishi I, Suzuki A, et al. Early treatment with corticosteroids ameliorates proteinuria, proliferative lesions, and mesangial phenotypic modulation in adult diffuse proliferative IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 35(2):194-201. [Medline].

35. Praga M, Gutiérrez E, González E, Morales E, Hernández E. Treatment of IgA nephropathy with ACE inhibitors: a randomized and controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 Jun. 14 (6):1578-83. [Medline]. [Full Text].

36. Manno C, Torres DD, Rossini M, et al. Randomized controlled clinical trial of corticosteroids plus ACE-inhibitors with long-term follow-up in proteinuric IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Jul 23. [Medline].

37. [Guideline] Chapter 10: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2012 Jun. 2 (2):209-217. [Medline]. [Full Text].

38. Floege J, Feehally J. Treatment of IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2013 Jun. 9 (6):320-7. [Medline].

39. Pozzi C, Andrulli S, Del Vecchio L, et al. Corticosteroid effectiveness in IgA nephropathy: long-term results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Jan. 15(1):157-63. [Medline].

40. Lv J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li G, Jiang L, Singh AK, et al. Combination therapy of prednisone and ACE inhibitor versus ACE-inhibitor therapy alone in patients with IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Jan. 53 (1):26-32. [Medline].

41. Tesar V, Troyanov S, Bellur S, Verhave JC, Cook HT, Feehally J, et al. Corticosteroids in IgA Nephropathy: A Retrospective Analysis from the VALIGA Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015 Sep. 26 (9):2248-58. [Medline]. [Full Text].

42. Lv J, et al; TESTING Study Group. Effect of Oral Methylprednisolone on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With IgA Nephropathy: The TESTING Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Aug 1. 318 (5):432-442. [Medline].

43. Tang SC, Tang AW, Wong SS, et al. Long-term study of mycophenolate mofetil treatment in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2010 Mar. 77(6):543-9. [Medline].

44. Rauen T, Eitner F, Fitzner C, Sommerer C, Zeier M, Otte B, et al. Intensive Supportive Care plus Immunosuppression in IgA Nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 3. 373 (23):2225-36. [Medline]. [Full Text].

45. Vecchio M, Bonerba B, Palmer SC, Craig JC, Ruospo M, Samuels JA, et al. Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 3. CD003965. [Medline].

46. Fellström BC, Barratt J, Cook H, Coppo R, Feehally J, de Fijter JW, et al. Targeted-release budesonide versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy (NEFIGAN): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2017 May 27. 389 (10084):2117-2127. [Medline].

47. Dillon JJ. Fish oil therapy for IgA nephropathy: efficacy and interstudy variability. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Nov. 8(11):1739-44. [Medline].

48. Liu LJ, Lv JC, Shi SF, et al. Oral calcitriol for reduction of proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Jan. 59(1):67-74. [Medline].

49. Lafayette RA, Canetta PA, Rovin BH, Appel GB, Novak J, Nath KA, et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Rituximab in IgA Nephropathy with Proteinuria and Renal Dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Apr. 28 (4):1306-1313. [Medline].

50. Zand L, Canetta P, Lafayette R, Aslam N, Jan N, Sethi S, et al. An Open-Label Pilot Study of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone in the Treatment of IgA Nephropathy at High Risk of Progression. Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Jan. 5 (1):58-65. [Medline]. [Full Text].

51. Liu LJ, Yang YZ, Shi SF, Bao YF, Yang C, Zhu SN, et al. Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Proteinuria in IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Jul. 74 (1):15-22. [Medline]. [Full Text].

52. Roccatello D, Ferro M, Cesano G, Rossi D, Berutti S, Salomone M, et al. Steroid and cyclophosphamide in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000 Jun. 15 (6):833-5. [Medline].

53. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994 Mar 31. 330(13):877-84. [Medline].

54. Levey AS, Adler S, Caggiula AW, et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 May. 27(5):652-63. [Medline].

55. Vergano L, Loiacono E, Albera R, Coppo R, Camilla R, Peruzzi L, et al. Can tonsillectomy modify the innate and adaptive immunity pathways involved in IgA nephropathy?. J Nephrol. 2014 Apr 23. [Medline].

56. Kovács T, Vas T, Kövesdy CP, Degrell P, Nagy G, Rékási Z, et al. Effect of tonsillectomy and its timing on renal outcomes in Caucasian IgA nephropathy patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014 Sep 3. [Medline].

57. Maeda I, Hayashi T, Sato KK, Shibata MO, Hamada M, Kishida M, et al. Tonsillectomy has beneficial effects on remission and progression of IgA nephropathy independent of steroid therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jul. 27(7):2806-13. [Medline].

58. Watanabe H, Goto S, Kondo D, Takata T, Yamazaki H, Hosojima M, et al. Comparison of methods of steroid administration combined with tonsillectomy for IgA nephropathy patients. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2016 May 23. [Medline].

59. Yu L, Jiang L, Zhou XJ, et al. Common genetic variants in the chromogranin a promoter are associated with renal injury in IgA nephropathy patients with malignant hypertension. Ren Fail. 2010 Jan. 32(1):41-6. [Medline].

60. Clayton P, McDonald S, Chadban S. Steroids and recurrent IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2011 Aug. 11 (8):1645-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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Sohail Abdul Salim, MD, FASN, FACP Consultant Physician, Central Nephrology; Affiliate Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center

Sohail Abdul Salim, MD, FASN, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Nephrology, Mississippi State Medical Association, Renal Physicians Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Tibor Fulop, MD, PhD, FACP, FASN Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Medical Services, Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center

Tibor Fulop, MD, PhD, FACP, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Urgent Care Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, International Society for Apheresis, International Society for Hemodialysis, Magyar Orvosi Kamara (Hungarian Chamber of Medicine)

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Luis A Juncos, MD, FASN, FAHA Chief of Nephrology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, John L McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital; Professor of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine

Luis A Juncos, MD, FASN, FAHA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Sports Medicine, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, American Physiological Society, American Society of Nephrology, Inter-American Society of Hypertension, International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, International Society of Nephrology, Minnesota Medical Association, National Kidney Foundation, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, Zumbro Valley Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Christie P Thomas, MBBS, FRCP, FASN, FAHA Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Director, Kidney and Kidney/Pancreas Transplant Program, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Christie P Thomas, MBBS, FRCP, FASN, FAHA is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Society of Nephrology, Royal College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN Huberwald Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology-Hypertension, Interim Chair, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine

Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, International Society of Nephrology, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James H Sondheimer, MD, FACP, FASN Professor of Medicine, Division Chief, Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Medical Director, DaVita Kresge Dialysis (Detroit)

James H Sondheimer, MD, FACP, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Nephrology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mona Brake, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University School of Medicine

Mona Brake, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Nephrology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Douglas Somers, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Iowa Medical Center

Douglas Somers, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Nephrology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Tim Timmerman, pathologist, for his invaluable help with the pathology slides.

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