Hypocalcemia Questions & Answers

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20. Szczech LA. The impact of calcimimetic agents on the use of different classes of phosphate binders: results of recent clinical trials. Kidney International. 2004. 90:S46-48.

21. Kido Y, Okamura T, Tomikawa M, Yamamoto M, Shiraishi M, Okada Y. Hypocalcemia associated with 5-fluorouracil and low dose leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal or gastric carcinomas. Cancer. 1996 Oct 15. 78(8):1794-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Manohar S, Kompotiatis P, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W, Herrmann J, Herrmann SM. Programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor treatment is associated with acute kidney injury and hypocalcemia: meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019 Jan 1. 34 (1):108-117. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Recker RR, Lewiecki EM, Miller PD, Reiffel J. Safety of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med. 2009 Feb. 122(2 Suppl):S22-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Stamp TC, Round JM, Rowe DJ, Haddad JG. Plasma levels and therapeutic effect of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in epileptic patients taking anticonvulsant drugs. Br Med J. 1972 Oct 7. 4(5831):9-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. McCormick BB, Davis J, Burns KD. Severe hypocalcemia following denosumab injection in a hemodialysis patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Oct. 60(4):626-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Dykes C, Cash BD. Key safety issues of bowel preparations for colonoscopy and importance of adequate hydration. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2008 Jan-Feb. 31(1):30-5; quiz 36-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Niemeijer ND, Rijk MC, van Guldener C. Symptomatic hypocalcemia after sodium phosphate preparation in an adult with asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Apr. 20(4):356-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Vasudeva M, Mathew JK, Groombridge C, Tee JW, Johnny CS, Maini A, et al. Hypocalcemia in trauma patients: A systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 Feb 1. 90 (2):396-402. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

29. Wray JP, Bridwell RE, Schauer SG, Shackelford SA, Bebarta VS, Wright FL, et al. The diamond of death: Hypocalcemia in trauma and resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med. 2021 Mar. 41:104-109. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA. Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting. Am J Med. 1988 Feb. 84(2):209-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ. Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Apr. 37(4):689-98. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Forsythe RM, Wessel CB, Billiar TR, Angus DC, Rosengart MR. Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008. (4):CD006163. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. di Filippo L, Formenti AM, Doga M, Frara S, Rovere-Querini P, Bosi E, et al. Hypocalcemia is a distinctive biochemical feature of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Endocrine. 2021 Jan. 71 (1):9-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

34. Norman JG, Politz DE. Safety of immediate discharge after parathyroidectomy: a prospective study of 3,000 consecutive patients. Endocr Pract. 2007 Mar-Apr. 13(2):105-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Steele T, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Downey C, Toh CH, Welters I. Assessment and clinical course of hypocalcemia in critical illness. Crit Care. 2013 Jun 4. 17 (3):R106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Edafe O, Antakia R, Laskar N, Uttley L, Balasubramanian SP. Systematic review and meta-analysis of predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. Br J Surg. 2014 Mar. 101 (4):307-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Russell CF, Edis AJ. Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism: experience with 500 consecutive cases and evaluation of the role of surgery in the asymptomatic patient. Br J Surg. 1982 May. 69(5):244-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Hurley K, Baggs D. Hypocalcemic cardiac failure in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2005 Feb. 28(2):155-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcaemia. BMJ. 2008 Jun 7. 336(7656):1298-302. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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41. Eraut D. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism presenting as dementia. Br Med J. 1974 Mar 9. 1(5905):429-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Murphy G, Bartle S. Hypocalcemic laryngospasm and tetany in a child with renal dysplasia. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Jul. 22(7):507-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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44. Doorenbos CJ, Ozyilmaz A, van Wijnen M. Severe pseudohypocalcemia after gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 21. 349(8):817-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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46. Prince MR, Choyke PL, Knopp MV. More on pseudohypocalcemia and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 1. 350(1):87-8; author reply 87-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Zhang Z, Xu X, Ni H, Deng H. Predictive value of ionized calcium in critically ill patients: an analysis of a large clinical database MIMIC II. PLoS One. 2014. 9 (4):e95204. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

48. Aberegg SK. Ionized Calcium in the ICU: Should It Be Measured and Corrected?. Chest. 2016 Mar. 149 (3):846-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Crespi B, Alcock J. Conflicts over calcium and the treatment of COVID-19. Evol Med Public Health. 2021. 9 (1):149-156. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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52. Mannstadt M, Clarke BL, Vokes T, Brandi ML, Ranganath L, Fraser WD, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84) in hypoparathyroidism (REPLACE): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013 Dec. 1(4):275-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Manish Suneja, MD, FASN, FACP Professor of Internal Medicine, Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Co-Strand Director, Clinical and Professional Skills, Dr William and Sondra Myers Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Manish Suneja, MD, FASN, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Nephrology, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine, National Kidney Foundation

Disclosure: Editor for the book DeGowins Diagnostic examination for: McGraw Hills.

Eleanor Lederer, MD, FASN Professor of Medicine, Chief, Nephrology Division, Director, Nephrology Training Program, Director, Metabolic Stone Clinic, Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Louisville Veterans Affairs Hospital

Eleanor Lederer, MD, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, American Society of Nephrology, American Society of Transplantation, International Society of Nephrology, Kentucky Medical Association, National Kidney Foundation

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: American Society of Nephrology<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: Healthcare Quality Strategies, Inc.

Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN Huberwald Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology-Hypertension, Interim Chair, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine

Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, International Society of Nephrology, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Heather A Muster, MD, MS Medical Director, Davita Clinical Research

Heather A Muster, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Nephrology, American Society of Transplantation, International Society of Nephrology, Minnesota Medical Association, National Kidney Foundation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey L Arnold, MD, FACEP Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center

Jeffrey L Arnold, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher B Beach, MD, FACEP, FAAEM Associate Professor and Vice Chair of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Associate Professor of Institute for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Patient Safety, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University

Christopher B Beach, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robin R Hemphill, MD, MPH Associate Professor, Director, Quality and Safety, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University

Robin R Hemphill, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Eleanor Lederer, MD Professor of Medicine, Chief, Nephrology Division, Director, Nephrology Training Program, Director, Metabolic Stone Clinic, Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Louisville Veterans Affairs Hospital

Eleanor Lederer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Federation for Medical Research, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, American Society of Nephrology, American Society of Transplantation, International Society of Nephrology, Kentucky Medical Association, National Kidney Foundation, and Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Dept of Veterans Affairs Grant/research funds Research

James W Lohr, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Fellowship Program Director, University of Buffalo State University of New York School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

James W Lohr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Heart Association, American Society of Nephrology, and Central Society for Clinical Research

Disclosure: Genzyme Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Alfredo A Pegoraro, MD Consulting Staff, Nephrology Associates

Alfredo A Pegoraro, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Assocation, American Society of Nephrology, and International Society of Nephrology

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Erik D Schraga, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates

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