Nair R, Vaqar S. Renovascular Hypertension. 2022 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Herrmann SM, Textor SC. Renovascular Hypertension. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Dec. 48 (4):765-778. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, et al. Management of patients with peripheral artery disease (compilation of 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline recommendations): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013 Apr 2. 127 (13):1425-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Goldblatt H, Lynch J, Hanzal RF, Summerville WW. STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION : I. THE PRODUCTION OF PERSISTENT ELEVATION OF SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE BY MEANS OF RENAL ISCHEMIA. J Exp Med. 1934 Feb 28. 59 (3):347-79. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Louis R, Levy-Erez D, Cahill AM, Meyers KE. Imaging studies in pediatric fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): a single-center experience. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018 Sep. 33 (9):1593-1599. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Stanley JC, Zelenock GB, Messina LM, Wakefield TW. Pediatric renovascular hypertension: a thirty-year experience of operative treatment. J Vasc Surg. 1995 Feb. 21(2):212-26; discussion 226-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
O'Neill JA Jr, Berkowitz H, Fellows KJ, Harmon CM. Midaortic syndrome and hypertension in childhood. J Pediatr Surg. 1995 Feb. 30 (2):164-71; discussion 171-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Porras D, Stein DR, Ferguson MA, Chaudry G, Alomari A, Vakili K, et al. Midaortic syndrome: 30 years of experience with medical, endovascular and surgical management. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Oct. 28 (10):2023-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Fossali E, Signorini E, Intermite RC, Casalini E, Lovaria A, Maninetti MM, et al. Renovascular disease and hypertension in children with neurofibromatosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000 Aug. 14 (8-9):806-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Persu A, Canning C, Prejbisz A, Dobrowolski P, Amar L, Chrysochou C, et al. Beyond Atherosclerosis and Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Rare Causes of Renovascular Hypertension. Hypertension. 2021 Sep. 78 (4):898-911. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Textor SC, Lerman L. Renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. Am J Hypertens. 2010 Nov. 23(11):1159-69. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Tullus K. Renovascular hypertension--is it fibromuscular dysplasia or Takayasu arteritis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Feb. 28 (2):191-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tyagi S, Kaul UA, Satsangi DK, Arora R. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension in children: initial and long-term results. Pediatrics. 1997 Jan. 99(1):44-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Viera AJ, Neutze DM. Diagnosis of secondary hypertension: an age-based approach. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Dec 15. 82 (12):1471-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Svetkey LP, Kadir S, Dunnick NR, Smith SR, Dunham CB, Lambert M, et al. Similar prevalence of renovascular hypertension in selected blacks and whites. Hypertension. 1991 May. 17 (5):678-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hiner LB, Falkner B. Renovascular hypertension in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993 Feb. 40 (1):123-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Williams KM, Shah AN, Morrison D, Sinha MD. Hypertensive retinopathy in severely hypertensive children: demographic, clinical, and ophthalmoscopic findings from a 30-year British cohort. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013 Jul-Aug. 50(4):222-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Textor SC, Lerman L, McKusick M. The uncertain value of renal artery interventions: where are we now?. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 Mar. 2(3):175-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Riaz IB, Husnain M, Riaz H, Asawaeer M, Bilal J, Pandit A, et al. Meta-analysis of revascularization versus medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 1. 114 (7):1116-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sadowski RH, Falkner B. Hypertension in pediatric patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Mar. 27 (3):305-15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Trautmann A, Roebuck DJ, McLaren CA, Brennan E, Marks SD, Tullus K. Non-invasive imaging cannot replace formal angiography in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Mar. 32 (3):495-502. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] European Stroke Organisation, Tendera M, Aboyans V, et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011 Nov. 32 (22):2851-906. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
[Guideline] Parikh SA, Shishehbor MH, Gray BH, White CJ, Jaff MR. SCAI expert consensus statement for renal artery stenting appropriate use. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2014 Dec 1. 84 (7):1163-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Radermacher J, Chavan A, Bleck J, Vitzthum A, Stoess B, Gebel MJ, et al. Use of Doppler ultrasonography to predict the outcome of therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 8. 344 (6):410-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Santos S, Leite LR, Tse TS, Beck R, Lee RA, Shepherd RF. [Renal resistance index predicting outcome of renal revascularization for renovascular hypertension]. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010 Apr. 94 (4):452-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Krumme B, Hollenbeck M. Doppler sonography in renal artery stenosis--does the Resistive Index predict the success of intervention?. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Mar. 22 (3):692-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
[Guideline] National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004 Aug. 114 (2 Suppl 4th Report):555-76. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Vasbinder GB, Nelemans PJ, Kessels AG, Kroon AA, Maki JH, Leiner T, et al. Accuracy of computed tomographic angiography and magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosing renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Nov 2. 141 (9):674-82; discussion 682. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Schoenberg SO, Rieger J, Johannson LO, Dietrich O, Bock M, Prince MR, et al. Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis with magnetic resonance angiography: update 2003. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Jul. 18 (7):1252-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Roditi G. MR in hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Nov. 34(5):989-1006. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Gloviczki ML, Lerman LO, Textor SC. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI in renovascular hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011 Oct. 13(5):370-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Textor SC, Glockner JF, Lerman LO, et al. The use of magnetic resonance to evaluate tissue oxygenation in renal artery stenosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Apr. 19(4):780-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Ibrahim MA, Hazhirkarzar B, Dublin AB. Gadolinium Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2020 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Woolen SA, Shankar PR, Gagnier JJ, MacEachern MP, Singer L, Davenport MS. Risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients With Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving a Group II Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Feb 1. 180 (2):223-230. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Stratigis S, Stylianou K, Kyriazis PP, Dermitzaki EK, Lygerou D, Syngelaki P, et al. Renal artery stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis identified in patients with coronary artery disease: Does captopril renal scintigraphy predict outcomes?. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018 Feb. 20 (2):373-381. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Expert Panels on Urologic Imaging and Vascular Imaging:., Harvin HJ, Verma N, Nikolaidis P, Hanley M, Dogra VS, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Renovascular Hypertension. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 Nov. 14 (11S):S540-S549. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Caridi JG, Stavropoulos SW, Hawkins IF Jr. Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography for renal artery stent placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1999 May. 10 (5):635-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kuo PC, Petersen J, Semba C, Alfrey EJ, Dafoe DC. CO2 angiography--a technique for vascular imaging in renal allograft dysfunction. Transplantation. 1996 Feb 27. 61 (4):652-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Adachi Y, Endo A, Nakashima R, Sugamori T, Takahashi N, Kinoshita Y, et al. Renal Artery Stenting Using CO2 Gas Angiography in Combination with Iodinated Contrast Angiography. Intern Med. 2016. 55 (17):2419-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Liss P, Eklöf H, Hellberg O, Hägg A, Boström-Ardin A, Löfberg AM, et al. Renal effects of CO2 and iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing renovascular intervention: a prospective, randomized study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Jan. 16 (1):57-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hasjim BJ, Fujitani RM, Chen SL, Donayre C, Kuo IJ, Raza A, et al. Utilization of Carbon Dioxide Angiography and Percutaneous Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020 May. 65:10-16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hicks CW, Clark TWI, Cooper CJ, de Bhailís ÁM, De Carlo M, Green D, et al. Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease: A KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) Controversies Conference. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022 Feb. 79 (2):289-301. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Gornik HL, et al; Working Group ‘Hypertension and the Kidney’ of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM). First international consensus on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia. J Hypertens. 2019 Feb. 37 (2):229-252. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Van der Niepen P, Rossignol P, Lengelé JP, Berra E, Sarafidis P, Persu A. Renal Artery Stenosis in Patients with Resistant Hypertension: Stent It or Not?. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017 Jan. 19 (1):5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Boutari C, Georgianou E, Sachinidis A, Katsimardou A, Christou K, Piperidou A, et al. Renovascular Hypertension: Novel Insights. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2020. 16 (1):24-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bakris GL, Townsend RR, Flack JM, Brar S, Cohen SA, D'Agostino R, et al. 12-month blood pressure results of catheter-based renal artery denervation for resistant hypertension: the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Apr 7. 65 (13):1314-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Esler M. Illusions of truths in the Symplicity HTN-3 trial: generic design strengths but neuroscience failings. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014 Aug. 8 (8):593-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tian Y, Yuan B, Zhang N, Huang Z. Outcomes Following the Endovascular Treatment of Renal Artery Stenosis Caused by Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2022 Jan. 78:362-372. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Slovut DP, Olin JW. Fibromuscular dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 29. 350 (18):1862-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jensen G, Annerstedt M, Klingenstierna H, Herlitz H, Aurell M, Hellström M. Survival and quality of life after renal angioplasty: a five-year follow-up study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2009. 43(3):236-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Guzzetta PC. Arterial disease. Surgery of Infants and Children: Scientific Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1997:1722-4.:
Casalini E, Sfondrini MS, Fossali E. Two-year clinical follow-up of children and adolescents after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension. Invest Radiol. 1995 Jan. 30(1):40-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jokhi PP, Ramanathan K, Walsh S, Fung AY, Saw J, Fox RS, et al. Experience of stenting for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in a cardiac catheterization laboratory: technical considerations and complications. Can J Cardiol. 2009 Aug. 25(8):e273-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Leesar MA, Varma J, Shapira A, Fahsah I, Raza ST, Elghoul Z, et al. Prediction of hypertension improvement after stenting of renal artery stenosis: comparative accuracy of translesional pressure gradients, intravascular ultrasound, and angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Jun 23. 53(25):2363-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Böhlke M, Barcellos FC. From the 1990s to CORAL (Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions) trial results and beyond: does stenting have a role in ischemic nephropathy?. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015 Apr. 65 (4):611-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wheatley K, Ives N, Gray R, Kalra PA, Moss JG, Baigent C, et al. Revascularization versus medical therapy for renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Nov 12. 361(20):1953-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Cooper CJ, Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, Jamerson K, Henrich W, Reid DM, et al. Stenting and medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2. 370 (1):13-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Saad A, Herrmann SM, Crane J, Glockner JF, McKusick MA, Misra S, et al. Stent revascularization restores cortical blood flow and reverses tissue hypoxia in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis but fails to reverse inflammatory pathways or glomerular filtration rate. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Aug. 6(4):428-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Noory E, Sritharan K, Zeller T. To Stent or Not to Stent? Update on Revascularization for Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016 Jun. 18 (6):45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Khan Z, Tolia S, Sanam K, Gholkar G, Zughaib M, Naik S, et al. Is there still a role for renal artery stenting in the management of renovascular hypertension - A single-center experience and where do we stand in 2018?. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2018 Jun 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Herrmann SM, Textor SC. Current Concepts in the Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2018 Jan 12. 31 (2):139-149. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Trinquart L, Mounier-Vehier C, Sapoval M, Gagnon N, Plouin PF. Efficacy of revascularization for renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2010 Sep. 56 (3):525-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cherr GS, Hansen KJ, Craven TE, Edwards MS, Ligush J Jr, Levy PJ, et al. Surgical management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 2002 Feb. 35 (2):236-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Stanley JC, Criado E, Upchurch GR Jr, Brophy PD, Cho KJ, Rectenwald JE, et al. Pediatric renovascular hypertension: 132 primary and 30 secondary operations in 97 children. J Vasc Surg. 2006 Dec. 44 (6):1219-28; discussion 1228-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Berkowitz HD, O'Neill JA Jr. Renovascular hypertension in children. Surgical repair with special reference to the use of reinforced vein grafts. J Vasc Surg. 1989 Jan. 9(1):46-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kane GC, Textor SC, Schirger A, Garovic VD. Revisiting the role of nephrectomy for advanced renovascular disease. Am J Med. 2003 Jun 15. 114 (9):729-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lee Y, Lim YS, Lee ST, Cho H. Pediatric renovascular hypertension: Treatment outcome according to underlying disease. Pediatr Int. 2018 Mar. 60 (3):264-269. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Guzzetta PC, Potter BM, Ruley EJ, Majd M, Bock GH. Renovascular hypertension in children: current concepts in evaluation and treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 1989 Dec. 24(12):1236-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Caielli P, Frigo AC, Pengo MF, Rossitto G, Maiolino G, Seccia TM, et al. Treatment of atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension: review of observational studies and a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015 Apr. 30 (4):541-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Martinez-Maldonado M. Pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension. Hypertension. 1991 May. 17 (5):707-19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Robertson JI, Morton JJ, Tillman DM, Lever AF. The pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1986 Oct. 4 (4):S95-103. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].