Amniotic Fluid Embolism Treatment & Management

1. Fong A, Chau CT, Pan D, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: antepartum, intrapartum and demographic factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014 Jun 30. 1-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Clark SL, Hankins GD, Dudley DA, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: analysis of the national registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Apr. 172(4 Pt 1):1158-67; discussion 1167-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Clark SL. Amniotic fluid embolism. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Feb. 123 (2 Pt 1):337-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Funk M, Damron A, Bandi V, Aagaard K, Szigeti R, Clark S. Pulmonary vascular obstruction by squamous cells is not involved in amniotic fluid embolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Apr. 218 (4):460-461. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Clark SL, Romero R, Dildy GA, Callaghan WM, Smiley RM, Bracey AW, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the case definition of amniotic fluid embolism in research studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jun 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Benson MD, Kobayashi H, Silver RK, et al. Immunologic studies in presumed amniotic fluid embolism. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Apr. 97(4):510-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Farrar SC, Gherman RB. Serum tryptase analysis in a woman with amniotic fluid embolism. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2001 Oct. 46(10):926-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Kobayashi H. Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Anaphylactic Reactions With Idiosyncratic Adverse Response. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2015 Aug. 70 (8):511-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Marcus BJ, Collins KA, Harley RA. Ancillary studies in amniotic fluid embolism: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2005 Mar. 26(1):92-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Kramer MS, Rouleau J, Baskett TF, Joseph KS, Maternal Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Amniotic-fluid embolism and medical induction of labour: a retrospective, population-based cohort study. Lancet. 2006 Oct 21. 368(9545):1444-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Knight M, Tuffnell D, Brocklehurst P, Spark P, Kurinczuk JJ. Incidence and risk factors for amniotic-fluid embolism. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 May. 115(5):910-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Benson MD. Current concepts of immunology and diagnosis in amniotic fluid embolism. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012. 2012:946576. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

13. Clark SL. Amniotic fluid embolism. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jun. 53(2):322-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Balinger KJ, Chu Lam MT, Hon HH, Stawicki SP, Anasti JN. Amniotic fluid embolism: despite progress, challenges remain. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Dec. 27 (6):398-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Rath WH, Hoferr S, Sinicina I. Amniotic fluid embolism: an interdisciplinary challenge: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014 Feb 21. 111 (8):126-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. [Guideline] Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). Available at https://www.amoss.com.au/?q=content/amniotic-fluid-embolism-afe. Accessed: 9/29/2016.

17. Fitzpatrick KE, Tuffnell D, Kurinczuk JJ, Knight M. Incidence, risk factors, management and outcomes of amniotic-fluid embolism: a population-based cohort and nested case-control study. BJOG. 2016 Jan. 123 (1):100-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Stein PD, Matta F, Yaekoub AY. Incidence of amniotic fluid embolism: relation to cesarean section and to age. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009 Mar. 18(3):327-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Lisonkova S, Potts J, Muraca GM, Razaz N, Sabr Y, Chan WS, et al. Maternal age and severe maternal morbidity: A population-based retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2017 May. 14 (5):e1002307. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Gilbert WM, Danielsen B. Amniotic fluid embolism: decreased mortality in a population-based study. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jun. 93(6):973-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Tuffnell DJ. United Kingdom amniotic fluid embolism register. BJOG. 2005 Dec. 112(12):1625-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Stiller RJ, Siddiqui D, LaiferSA, Tiakowski RL, Whetham JC. Successful Pregnancy after suspected anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy (amniotic fluid embolus). A case report. J Reprod Med. 2000. 45:1007-9.

23. McDonnell N, Knight M, Peek MJ, Ellwood D, Homer CS, McLintock C, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism: an Australian-New Zealand population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Dec 24. 15:352. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. [Guideline] United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System. Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Available at https://www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/ukoss/current-surveillance/amf. Accessed: 9/29/2016.

25. O'Shea A, Eappen S. Amniotic fluid embolism. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007. 45(1):17-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Electronic address: pubs@smfm.org, Pacheco LD, Saade G, Hankins GD, Clark SL. Amniotic fluid embolism: diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Aug. 215 (2):B16-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Loughran JA, Kitchen TL, Sindhakar S, Ashraf M, Awad M, Kealaher EJ. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)-guided diagnosis and management of amniotic fluid embolism. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018 Sep 11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Aguilera LG, Fernandez C, Plaza A, et al. Fatal amniotic fluid embolism diagnosed histologically. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002 Mar. 46(3):334-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Koike N, Oi H, Naruse K, Kanayama N, Kobayashi H. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a novel candidate marker for amniotic fluid embolism. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017 Dec. 43 (12):1815-1820. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Hankins GD, Snyder R, Dinh T, et al. Documentation of amniotic fluid embolism via lung histopathology. Fact or fiction?. J Reprod Med. 2002 Dec. 47(12):1021-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Kobayashi H, Ohi H, Terao T. A simple, noninvasive, sensitive method for diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism by monoclonal antibody TKH-2 that recognizes NeuAc alpha 2-6GalNAc. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Mar. 168(3 Pt 1):848-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Lim Y, Loo CC, Chia V, Fun W. Recombinant factor VIIa after amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2004 Nov. 87(2):178-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Leighton BL, Wall MH, Lockhart EM, Phillips LE, Zatta AJ. Use of recombinant factor VIIa in patients with amniotic fluid embolism: a systematic review of case reports. Anesthesiology. 2011 Dec. 115 (6):1201-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Kaneko Y, Ogihara T, Tajima H, Mochimaru F. Continuous hemodiafiltration for disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock due to amniotic fluid embolism: report of a dramatic response. Intern Med. 2001 Sep. 40(9):945-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Hsieh YY, Chang CC, Li PC, Tsai HD, Tsai CH. Successful application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation as lifesaving therapy for a patient with amniotic fluid embolism. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Aug. 183(2):496-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Goldszmidt E, Davies S. Two cases of hemorrhage secondary to amniotic fluid embolus managed with uterine artery embolization. Can J Anaesth. 2003 Nov. 50(9):917-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Lisa E Moore, MD, MS, FACOG, RDMS Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chief, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical Director of Labor and Delivery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L Foster School of Medicine

Lisa E Moore, MD, MS, FACOG, RDMS is a member of the following medical societies: American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

John G Pierce, Jr, MD Chairman of Women’s Health and Medical Specialties, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Obstetrician/Gynecologist, Women’s Health of Central Virginia

John G Pierce, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Christian Medical and Dental Associations, Medical Society of Virginia, Society of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Carl V Smith, MD The Distinguished Chris J and Marie A Olson Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs, University of Nebraska Medical Center

Carl V Smith, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Council of University Chairs of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nebraska Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John J Kavanagh, Jr, MD Chief, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gynecological and Medical Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Medical School at Houston

John J Kavanagh, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Society of Gynecologic Oncology, American Association for Cancer Research, American Association for the History of Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Medical Association, Southern Medical Association, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

• Print this section
• Print the entire contents of
• Print the entire contents of article