Overview
What are granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the pathophysiology of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the US prevalence of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the global prevalence of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the morbidity and mortality associated with granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What are the racial predilections of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the prevalence of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the testes?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What are the signs and symptoms of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries in prepubertal girls?
Which physical findings are characteristic of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What causes granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
DDX
How are granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries diagnosed?
How are granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries treated during pregnancy?
Which conditions are included in the differential diagnoses of
What are the differential diagnoses for Granulosa-Theca Cell Tumors?
Workup
What is the role of lab tests in the workup of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the role of GCT testing in the workup of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the role of roentgenography in the workup of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What is the role of mammography in the workup of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
How are granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries staged?
How are stage I granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries defined?
How are stage II granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries defined?
How are stage III granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries defined?
How are stage IV granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries defined?
Treatment
How are granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries treated?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
How are advanced juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) of the ovaries treated?
Follow-up
What is included in the long-term monitoring of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
When is patient transfer required for the treatment of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
What are the possible complications of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs)?
What is the prognosis of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs)?
What is included in patient education about granulosa cell tumors (GCTs)?
What is the role of antiemetics in the treatment of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries?
How is granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovaries prevented?
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Microfollicular pattern of an adult granulosa cell tumor at 100X magnification. Inset is characteristic Call-Exner bodies and nuclear grooves (400X). Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.
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Less well-differentiated diffuse pattern of adult granulosa cell tumor. Monotonous pattern can be confused with low-grade stromal sarcoma (200X). Inset is high-power magnification demonstrating nuclear grooves and nuclear atypia. Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.
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Juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Multiple follicles in various shapes and sizes (200X). Inset shows nuclei that are rounded, hyperchromatic, lacking grooves and showing atypia, and are abnormal mitotic figures (400X). Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.
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Gyriform pattern of adult granulosa cell tumor. Undulating single-file rows of granulosa cells (200X). Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.
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Theca cell tumor. Typical thecoma with lipid-rich cytoplasm, pale nuclei, and intervening hyaline bands (200X). Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.
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Luteinized thecoma. Vacuolated theca cells with an abundant fibromatous stroma (200X). Image courtesy of James B. Farnum, MD, TriHealth Department of Pathology.