Further Outpatient Care

Kallmann syndrome: Patients require lifelong hormonal therapy and specific treatment to achieve fertility.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Patients with stress-related hypothalamic dysfunction can often regain gonadal function after weight gain or stress reduction. Patients with genetic or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism require lifelong hormonal therapy and specific treatment to achieve fertility.

Pituitary dysfunction: Pituitary microadenomas (≤1 cm) often resolve spontaneously. Pituitary macroadenomas (>1 cm) are usually persistent and require at least annual imaging to detect enlargement. Most causes of panhypopituitarism are irreversible and patients require lifelong hormonal therapy and specific treatment to achieve fertility.

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Media Gallery

MRI of pituitary macroadenoma.

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Author

Benjamin Scott Harris, MD, MPH Fellow, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Fertility Center, Duke University Medical Center

Benjamin Scott Harris, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, F Bayard Carter Society, Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Thomas Michael Price, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Former Director of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, Duke University Medical Center

Thomas Michael Price, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Phi Beta Kappa, Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Society for Reproductive Investigation

Disclosure: Received research grant from: Insigtec Inc<br/>Received consulting fee from Clinical Advisors Group for consulting; Received consulting fee from MEDA Corp Consulting for consulting; Received consulting fee from Gerson Lehrman Group Advisor for consulting; Received honoraria from ABOG for board membership.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Chief Editor

Richard Scott Lucidi, MD, FACOG Associate Professor of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Richard Scott Lucidi, MD, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

Allen Donald Seftel, MD Professor of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School; Head, Division of Urology, Director, Urology Residency Training Program, Cooper University Hospital

Allen Donald Seftel, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association

Disclosure: Received consulting fee from lilly for consulting; Received consulting fee from abbott for consulting; Received consulting fee from auxilium for consulting; Received consulting fee from actient for consulting; Received honoraria from journal of urology for board membership; Received consulting fee from endo for consulting.

William W Hurd, MD, MSc, MPH Professor and Director, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center

William W Hurd, MD, MSc, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, AAGL, Society of Reproductive Surgeons, Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Society for Reproductive Investigation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nichole M Barker, DO Physician in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Seattle Reproductive Medicine

Nichole M Barker, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Rebecca Flyckt, MD Associate Staff, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cleveland Clinic

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jennifer L Eaton, MD, MSCI, FACOG Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Duke University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology, Director, Oocyte Donation Program, Duke Fertility Center

Jennifer L Eaton, MD, MSCI, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Endocrine Society, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Society for Reproductive Investigation, Society of Reproductive Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.