Author
Lisa Rubinsak, MD Fellow in Advanced Pelvic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine
Lisa Rubinsak, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
David Chelmow, MD Leo J Dunn Professor and Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center
David Chelmow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Council of University Chairs of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Society for Reproductive Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
A David Barnes, MD, MPH, PhD, FACOG Consulting Staff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mammoth Hospital (Mammoth Lakes, CA), Pioneer Valley Hospital (Salt Lake City, UT), Warren General Hospital (Warren, PA), and Mountain West Hospital (Tooele, UT)
A David Barnes, MD, MPH, PhD, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Forensic Examiners Institute, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, American Medical Association, Utah Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Michel E Rivlin, MD Former Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Michel E Rivlin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, Mississippi State Medical Association, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Jordan G Pritzker, MD, MBA, FACOG Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine at Hofstra University; Attending Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center; Medical Director, Aetna, Inc; Private Practice in Gynecology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Jeannie Chen Kelly, MD Resident Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Sarah H Hughes, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Sarah H Hughes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society of Gynecologic Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Bradford W Fenton, MD, PhD, FACOG to the development and writing of this article.
