Pancreatic Cancer Questions & Answers

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2. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Pancreatic Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. February 3, 2021. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

3. Von Hoff DD, Arena FP, Chiorean EG, Infante JR, Moore MJ, Seay TE, et al. Randomized phase III study of weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (MPACT). J Clin Oncol 30: 2012 (suppl 34; abstr LBA148), Presented January 25, 2013 at the 2013 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, San Francisco, CA.

4. Mulcahy N. FDA Approves Nab-Paclitaxel for Pancreatic Cancer. Medscape [serial online]. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/810564. September 06, 2013; Accessed: September 09, 2018.

5. Yang ZY, Yuan JQ, Di MY, Zheng DY, Chen JZ, Ding H, et al. Gemcitabine plus erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013. 8 (3):e57528. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

6. [Guideline] Sohal DPS, Kennedy EB, Cinar P, Conroy T, Copur MS, Crane CH, et al. Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug 5. JCO2001364. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

7. Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017 Jul 28. 357 (6349):409-413. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. Golan T, Hammel P, Reni M, Van Cutsem E, Macarulla T, Hall MJ, et al. Maintenance Olaparib for Germline BRCA-Mutated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 25. 381 (4):317-327. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Glazer ES, Neill KG, Frakes JM, Coppola D, Hodul PJ, Hoffe SE, et al. Systematic Review and Case Series Report of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas. Cancer Control. 2016 Oct. 23 (4):446-454. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

10. Hackeng WM, Hruban RH, Offerhaus GJ, Brosens LA. Surgical and molecular pathology of pancreatic neoplasms. Diagn Pathol. 2016 Jun 7. 11 (1):47. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

11. Abraham SC, Wu TT, Hruban RH, Lee JH, Yeo CJ, Conlon K, et al. Genetic and immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: frequent allelic loss on chromosome 11p and alterations in the APC/beta-catenin pathway. Am J Pathol. 2002 Mar. 160 (3):953-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. Chmielecki J, Hutchinson KE, Frampton GM, Chalmers ZR, Johnson A, Shi C, et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas identifies recurrent RAF fusions and frequent inactivation of DNA repair genes. Cancer Discov. 2014 Dec. 4 (12):1398-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

13. Jiao Y, Yonescu R, Offerhaus GJ, Klimstra DS, Maitra A, Eshleman JR, et al. Whole-exome sequencing of pancreatic neoplasms with acinar differentiation. J Pathol. 2014 Mar. 232 (4):428-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Hsu JT, Yeh CN, Chen YR, Chen HM, Hwang TL, Jan YY, et al. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Digestion. 2005. 72 (2-3):104-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Borazanci E, Millis SZ, Korn R, Han H, Whatcott CJ, Gatalica Z, et al. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas: Molecular characterization of 23 patients along with a literature review. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015 Sep 15. 7 (9):132-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

16. Katz MH, Taylor TH, Al-Refaie WB, Hanna MH, Imagawa DK, Anton-Culver H, et al. Adenosquamous versus adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a population-based outcomes analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2011 Jan. 15 (1):165-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Molina-Montes E, et al; PanGenEU Study Investigators. Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Relation to Lifetime Smoking Patterns, Tobacco Type, and Dose-Response Relationships. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 May. 29 (5):1009-1018. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Raimondi S, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: an overview. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Dec. 6(12):699-708. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: an update. Dig Dis. 2010. 28 (4-5):645-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Kirkegård J, Mortensen FV, Cronin-Fenton D. Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep. 112 (9):1366-1372. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Li D, Morris JS, Liu J, Hassan MM, Day RS, Bondy ML, et al. Body mass index and risk, age of onset, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. JAMA. 2009 Jun 24. 301(24):2553-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Genkinger JM, Spiegelman D, Anderson KE, et al. A pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies of anthropometric factors and pancreatic cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2011 Oct 1. 129(7):1708-17. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

23. Urayama KY, Holcatova I, Janout V, et al. Body mass index and body size in early adulthood and risk of pancreatic cancer in a central European multicenter case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2011 Dec 15. 129(12):2875-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Nkondjock A, Ghadirian P, Johnson KC, Krewski D. Dietary intake of lycopene is associated with reduced pancreatic cancer risk. J Nutr. 2005 Mar. 135(3):592-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. Risch HA. Etiology of pancreatic cancer, with a hypothesis concerning the role of N-nitroso compounds and excess gastric acidity. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jul 2. 95(13):948-60. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Nöthlings U, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Meat and fat intake as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the multiethnic cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Oct 5. 97(19):1458-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Lin Y, Tamakoshi A, Kawamura T, et al. Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to alcohol drinking, coffee consumption and medical history: findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2002 Jun 10. 99(5):742-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Ben Q, Xu M, Ning X, Liu J, Hong S, Huang W, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Cancer. 2011 Sep. 47 (13):1928-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Bosetti C, Rosato V, Li D, Silverman D, Petersen GM, et al. Diabetes, antidiabetic medications, and pancreatic cancer risk: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium. Ann Oncol. 2014 Oct. 25 (10):2065-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. [Guideline] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. NCCN. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/pancreatic.pdf. Version 1.2022 — February 24, 2022; Accessed: June 3, 2022.

31. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P, Cavallini G, Ammann RW, Lankisch PG, Andersen JR, et al. Pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. International Pancreatitis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1993 May 20. 328(20):1433-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Cowgill SM, Muscarella P. The genetics of pancreatic cancer. Am J Surg. 2003 Sep. 186(3):279-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Whitcomb DC. Genetics and alcohol: a lethal combination in pancreatic disease?. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 May. 35(5):838-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Mintziras I, Bartsch DK. Progress report: familial pancreatic cancer. Fam Cancer. 2019 Feb 22. 102(11):2564-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Kojima K, Vickers SM, Adsay NV, et al. Inactivation of Smad4 accelerates Kras(G12D)-mediated pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Res. 2007 Sep 1. 67(17):8121-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Jones S, Zhang X, Parsons DW, et al. Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses. Science. 2008 Sep 26. 321(5897):1801-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

37. Yachida S, Jones S, Bozic I, et al. Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2010 Oct 28. 467(7319):1114-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Campbell PJ, Yachida S, Mudie LJ, et al. The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2010 Oct 28. 467(7319):1109-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Kouvaraki MA, Shapiro SE, Cote GJ, Lee JE, Yao JC, Waguespack SG, et al. Management of pancreatic endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. World J Surg. 2006 May. 30(5):643-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Blansfield JA, Choyke L, Morita SY, Choyke PL, Pingpank JF, Alexander HR, et al. Clinical, genetic and radiographic analysis of 108 patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) manifested by pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNETs). Surgery. 2007 Dec. 142(6):814-8; discussion 818.e1-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Groen EJ, Roos A, Muntinghe FL, Enting RH, de Vries J, Kleibeuker JH, et al. Extra-intestinal manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep. 15(9):2439-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Lynch HT, Fusaro RM, Lynch JF, Brand R. Pancreatic cancer and the FAMMM syndrome. Fam Cancer. 2008. 7(1):103-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. [Guideline] NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®). Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/genetics_bop.pdf. Version 2.2022 — March 9, 2022; Accessed: June 1, 2022.

44. Cancer Stat Facts: Pancreatic Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html. Accessed: May 31, 2022.

45. Arnold LD, Patel AV, Yan Y, Jacobs EJ, Thun MJ, Calle EE, et al. Are racial disparities in pancreatic cancer explained by smoking and overweight/obesity?. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Sep. 18(9):2397-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors. World J Oncol. 2019 Feb. 10 (1):10-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

47. Key Statistics for Pancreatic Cancer. American Cancer Society. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/about/key-statistics.html. January 21, 2022; Accessed: May 27, 2022.

48. Tingle SJ, Severs GR, Goodfellow M, Moir JA, White SA. NARCA: A novel prognostic scoring system using neutrophil-albumin ratio and Ca19-9 to predict overall survival in palliative pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2018 Sep 9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Can Pancreatic Cancer Be Prevented?. American Cancer Society. Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html. June 9, 2020; Accessed: June 2, 2022.

50. Ferreira M, Moreira H, Esperto H, Carvalho A. Depression preceding the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Feb 4. 14 (2):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Jarrin Jara MD, Gautam AS, Peesapati VSR, Sadik M, Khan S. The Role of Interleukin-6 and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Depression. Cureus. 2020 Aug 23. 12 (8):e9969. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

52. Turaga KK, Malafa MP, Jacobsen PB, Schell MJ, Sarr MG. Suicide in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer. 2011 Feb 1. 117(3):642-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Epstein AS, O'Reilly EM. Exocrine pancreas cancer and thromboembolic events: a systematic literature review. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012 Jul 1. 10 (7):835-46. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. [Guideline] Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J, Jessup JM, Kemeny N, Macdonald JS, et al. ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Nov 20. 24(33):5313-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

55. Fujioka S, Misawa T, Okamoto T, Gocho T, Futagawa Y, Ishida Y, et al. Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels for the evaluation of curability and resectability in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007. 14(6):539-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

56. Kang CM, Kim JY, Choi GH, Kim KS, Choi JS, Lee WJ. The use of adjusted preoperative CA 19-9 to predict the recurrence of resectable pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res. 2007 Jun 1. 140(1):31-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Boone BA, Steve J, Zenati MS, Hogg ME, Singhi AD, Bartlett DL, et al. Serum CA 19-9 response to neoadjuvant therapy is associated with outcome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014 Dec. 21 (13):4351-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Horton KM, Fishman EK. Multidetector CT angiography of pancreatic carcinoma: part I, evaluation of arterial involvement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2002 Apr. 178(4):827-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

59. Horton KM, Fishman EK. Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: CT imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002 Dec. 40(6):1263-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Kauhanen SP, Komar G, Seppänen MP, Dean KI, Minn HR, Kajander SA, et al. A prospective diagnostic accuracy study of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, multidetector row computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in primary diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg. 2009 Dec. 250(6):957-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Farma JM, Santillan AA, Melis M, Walters J, Belinc D, Chen DT, et al. PET/CT fusion scan enhances CT staging in patients with pancreatic neoplasms. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Sep. 15(9):2465-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Itani KM, Taylor TV, Green LK. Needle biopsy for suspicious lesions of the head of the pancreas: pitfalls and implications for therapy. J Gastrointest Surg. 1997 Jul-Aug. 1(4):337-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

63. Turner BG, Cizginer S, Agarwal D, Yang J, Pitman MB, Brugge WR. Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Jan. 71(1):91-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

64. Micames C, Jowell PS, White R, Paulson E, Nelson R, Morse M, et al. Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Nov. 58(5):690-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

65. Louden K. New risk factors proposed for pancreatic cancer. Medscape Medical News. September 26, 2013. [Full Text].

66. [Guideline] National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Neuroendocrine Tumors. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/neuroendocrine.pdf. Version 3.2021 — August 13, 2021; Accessed: October 6, 2021.

67. Tempero MA. NCCN Guidelines Updates: Pancreatic Cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019 May 1. 17 (5.5):603-605. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

68. Hong SB, Lee SS, Kim JH, Kim HJ, Byun JH, Hong SM, et al. Pancreatic Cancer CT: Prediction of Resectability according to NCCN Criteria. Radiology. 2018 Dec. 289 (3):710-718. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

69. Katz MH, Hwang R, Fleming JB, Evans DB. Tumor-node-metastasis staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008 Mar-Apr. 58(2):111-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

70. Evans DB, George B, Tsai S. Non-metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Resectable, Borderline Resectable, and Locally Advanced-Definitions of Increasing Importance for the Optimal Delivery of Multimodality Therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Oct. 22 (11):3409-13. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

71. Callery MP, Strasberg SM, Doherty GM, Soper NJ, Norton JA. Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography: optimizing resectability in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancy. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Jul. 185(1):33-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

72. Vollmer CM, Drebin JA, Middleton WD, Teefey SA, Linehan DC, Soper NJ. Utility of staging laparoscopy in subsets of peripancreatic and biliary malignancies. Ann Surg. 2002 Jan. 235(1):1-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

73. Jarnagin WR, Bodniewicz J, Dougherty E, Conlon K, Blumgart LH, Fong Y. A prospective analysis of staging laparoscopy in patients with primary and secondary hepatobiliary malignancies. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000 Jan-Feb. 4(1):34-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

74. Al-Haddad M, Martin JK, Nguyen J, Pungpapong S, Raimondo M, Woodward T. Vascular resection and reconstruction for pancreatic malignancy: a single center survival study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007 Sep. 11(9):1168-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. de Rooij T, Klompmaker S, Abu Hilal M, Kendrick ML, Busch OR, Besselink MG. Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery for benign and malignant disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Apr. 13 (4):227-38. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

76. Pisters PW, Abbruzzese JL, Janjan NA, Cleary KR, Charnsangavej C, Goswitz MS. Rapid-fractionation preoperative chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and intraoperative radiation therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Dec. 16(12):3843-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

77. Pisters PW, Wolff RA, Janjan NA, Cleary KR, Charnsangavej C, Crane CN. Preoperative paclitaxel and concurrent rapid-fractionation radiation for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: toxicities, histologic response rates, and event-free outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2002 May 15. 20(10):2537-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

78. Dhir M, Zenati MS, Hamad A, Singhi AD, Bahary N, Hogg ME, et al. FOLFIRINOX Versus Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018 Jul. 25 (7):1896-1903. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

79. Kadera BE, Sunjaya DB, Isacoff WH, Li L, Hines OJ, Tomlinson JS, et al. Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Association Between Prolonged Preoperative Treatment and Lymph-Node Negativity and Overall Survival. JAMA Surg. 2013 Dec 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

80. Boggs W. Preop Chemo for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Associated With 'Excellent' Survival. Medscape [serial online]. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/817801. Accessed: December 22, 2013.

81. Loehrer PJ Sr, Feng Y, Cardenes H, et al. Gemcitabine alone versus gemcitabine plus radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: an eastern cooperative oncology group trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 1. 29(31):4105-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

82. Sohal DPS, Duong M, Ahmad SA, Gandhi NS, Beg MS, Wang-Gillam A, et al. Efficacy of Perioperative Chemotherapy for Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Mar 1. 7 (3):421-427. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

83. McPhee JT, Hill JS, Whalen GF, Zayaruzny M, Litwin DE, Sullivan ME. Perioperative mortality for pancreatectomy: a national perspective. Ann Surg. 2007 Aug. 246(2):246-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

84. Wente MN, Bassi C, Dervenis C, Fingerhut A, Gouma DJ, Izbicki JR, et al. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after pancreatic surgery: a suggested definition by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS). Surgery. 2007 Nov. 142(5):761-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

85. van der Gaag NA, Rauws EA, van Eijck CH, Bruno MJ, van der Harst E, Kubben FJ, et al. Preoperative biliary drainage for cancer of the head of the pancreas. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 14. 362(2):129-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

86. Limongelli P, Pai M, Bansi D, Thiallinagram A, Tait P, Jackson J. Correlation between preoperative biliary drainage, bile duct contamination, and postoperative outcomes for pancreatic surgery. Surgery. 2007 Sep. 142(3):313-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

87. Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Cameron JL, Winter JM, Assumpcao L, Lillemoe KD. Prognostic relevance of lymph node ratio following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2007 May. 141(5):610-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

88. House MG, Gonen M, Jarnagin WR, DAngelica M, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y. Prognostic significance of pathologic nodal status in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007 Nov. 11(11):1549-55. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

89. Gallagher S, Zervos E, Murr M. Distal Pancreatectomy. Von Hoff, Evans, Hruban. Pancreatic Cancer. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett; 2005. 20.

90. Muller MW, Friess H, Kleeff J, Dahmen R, Wagner M, Hinz U, et al. Is there still a role for total pancreatectomy?. Ann Surg. 2007 Dec. 246(6):966-74; discussion 974-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

91. Kalser MH, Ellenberg SS. Pancreatic cancer. Adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection. Arch Surg. 1985 Aug. 120(8):899-903. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

92. Neoptolemos JP, Stocken DD, Friess H, Bassi C, Dunn JA, Hickey H. A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 18. 350(12):1200-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

93. Yang R, Cheung MC, Byrne MM, Jin X, Montero AJ, Jones C, et al. Survival effects of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy after resection for pancreatic carcinoma. Arch Surg. 2010 Jan. 145(1):49-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

94. Oettle H, Post S, Neuhaus P, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Jan 17. 297(3):267-77. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

95. Neuhaus P, Riess H, Post S. CONKO-001:Final results of the randomized, prospective multicenter phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine versus observation in patients with resected pancratic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008. 26(15S):204s(abstract LBA4504).

96. Conroy T, Hammel P, Hebbar M, et al, Canadian Cancer Trials Group and the Unicancer-GI–PRODIGE Group. FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20. 379 (25):2395-2406. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

97. Neoptolemos JP, et al; European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer. Comparison of adjuvant gemcitabine and capecitabine with gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (ESPAC-4): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017 Mar 11. 389 (10073):1011-1024. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

98. Nelson R. Best Survival Ever in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Medscape Medical News. Available at https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/897600. June 04, 2018; Accessed: January 10, 2020.

99. Tempero M, O'Reilly E, Van Cutsem E, et al. LBA-1 Phase 3 APACT trial of adjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P + Gem) vs gemcitabine (Gem) alone in patients with resected pancreatic cancer (PC): Updated 5-year overall survival. Ann Oncol. July 01, 2021. 32 (suppl 3):S226. [Full Text].

100. [Guideline] eUpdate – Cancer of the Pancreas Treatment Recommendations. European Society for Medical Oncology. Available at https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/guidelines-by-topic/gastrointestinal-cancers/pancreatic-cancer/eupdate-cancer-of-the-pancreas-treatment-recommendations. March 15, 2019; Accessed: June 3, 2022.

101. Wan G, Sun X, Li F, Wang X, Li C, Li H, et al. Survival Benefit of Metformin Adjuvant Treatment For Pancreatic Cancer Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep 5. 49 (3):I. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

102. Frere C, Crichi B, Bournet B, Canivet C, Abdallah NA, Buscail L, et al. Primary Thromboprophylaxis in Ambulatory Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jul 24. 12 (8):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

103. Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011 May 12. 364(19):1817-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

104. Kulke MH, Blaszkowsky LS, Ryan DP, Clark JW, Meyerhardt JA, Zhu AX, et al. Capecitabine plus erlotinib in gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20. 25(30):4787-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

105. Wang-Gillam A, Li CP, Bodoky G, Dean A, Shan YS, Jameson G, et al. Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid in metastatic pancreatic cancer after previous gemcitabine-based therapy (NAPOLI-1): a global, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015 Nov 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

106. Jameson GS, Borazanci E, Babiker HM, Poplin E, Niewiarowska AA, Gordon MS, et al. Response Rate Following Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin Treatment Among Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase 1b/2 Pilot Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Oct 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

107. O'Reilly EM, Lee JW, Zalupski M, Capanu M, Park J, Golan T, et al. Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin With or Without Veliparib in Patients With Pancreas Adenocarcinoma and a Germline BRCA/PALB2 Mutation. J Clin Oncol. 2020 May 1. 38 (13):1378-1388. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

108. Chalasani P, Kurtin S, Dragovich T. Response to a third-line mitomycin C (MMC)-based chemotherapy in a patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma carrying germline BRCA2 mutation. JOP. 2008 May 8. 9 (3):305-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

109. Shroff RT, Hendifar A, McWilliams RR, Geva R, Epelbaum R, Rolfe L, et al. Rucaparib Monotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and a Known Deleterious BRCA Mutation. JCO Precis Oncol. 2018. 2018:JCO2001364. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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Tomislav Dragovich, MD, PhD Chief, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center

Tomislav Dragovich, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Society of Clinical Oncology, SWOG

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Richard A Erickson, MD, FACP, FACG Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center; Director, Scott and White Clinic and Hospital

Richard A Erickson, MD, FACP, FACG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Claire R Larson, MD Resident Physician, Department of General Surgery, Scott and White Hospital, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine

Claire R Larson, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mohsen Shabahang, MD, PhD, FACS Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Director of Surgical Residency, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Scott and White Clinic

Mohsen Shabahang, MD, PhD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, Association for Academic Surgery, Society of Surgical Oncology, Texas Medical Association, Western Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

N Joseph Espat, MD, MS, FACS Harold J Wanebo Professor of Surgery, Assistant Dean of Clinical Affairs, Boston University School of Medicine; Chairman, Department of Surgery, Director, Adele R Decof Cancer Center, Roger Williams Medical Center

N Joseph Espat, MD, MS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for Cancer Research, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Americas Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Association for Academic Surgery, Central Surgical Association, Chicago Medical Society, International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Pancreas Club, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Society for Leukocyte Biology, Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Society of Surgical Oncology, Society of University Surgeons, Southeastern Surgical Congress, Southern Medical Association, Surgical Infection Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lodovico Balducci, MD Professor, Oncology Fellowship Director, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Adult Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

Lodovico Balducci, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association for Cancer Research, American College of Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, American Society of Hematology, New York Academy of Sciences, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, International Society for Experimental Hematology, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Society of Breast Disease

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lewis J Rose, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medical Oncology, Division of Regional Cancer Care, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Consulting Staff, LRCRZ Associates

Lewis J Rose, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Society of Hematology, Pennsylvania Medical Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Philadelphia County Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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