Overview
What is renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the pathophysiology of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What causes renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the prevalence of renal transitional cell carcinoma in the US?
What is the global prevalence of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
Which patient groups have the highest prevalence of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the prognosis of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What are the survival rates for renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What are the prognostic factors of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What are physical exam findings in patients with renal transitional cell carcinoma?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Renal Transitional Cell Carcinoma?
Workup
What is the role of lab tests in the workup of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the role of IV radiography in the workup of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the role of CT in the workup of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the role of cystoscopy and ureteroscopy in the workup of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
How is renal transitional cell carcinoma staged?
Treatment
How is renal transitional cell carcinoma treated?
What is the role of topical therapies in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of mitomycin-C in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What are the possible complications of percutaneous treatment of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is the role of systemic chemotherapy in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of surgery in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of radical nephroureterectomy in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of conservative open surgery in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What is the role of endoscopy in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
What are the possible complications of endoscopic treatment of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
What is included in long-term monitoring of renal transitional cell carcinoma?
Medications
What is the role of medications in renal transitional cell carcinoma treatment?
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CT scan with contrast, vascular phase. Mass can be seen in left renal pelvis (black arrows). Patient underwent nephroureterectomy. Tumor was high-grade urothelial carcinoma invading subepithelial tissue (stage T1) and measuring 7.5 × 3.2 × 3 cm.
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CT scan, delayed phase. Enhancing mass can be visualized in left renal pelvis (white arrows).
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Retrograde pyelography. Filling defect can be seen in left renal pelvis and lower calyx (black arrows). Patient underwent left nephroureterectomy. Tumor was low-grade urothelial carcinoma measuring 2.5 × 2 × 1 cm.
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Right retrograde pyelogram demonstrates large filling defect in midureter due to transitional cell carcinoma (large arrow). Note characteristic appearance of radiographic contrast material just distal to obstruction (small arrow), which gives rise to so-called goblet sign. Contrast is also visible beyond partially obstructed segment of ureter in renal pelvis and collecting system.
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Pathology specimen shows urothelial tumor of renal pelvis (white arrows).