Author
Jonathan D Artz, MD, MS Resident Physician, Department of Psychiatry, Baylor Scott & White Health
Jonathan D Artz, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
James A Bourgeois, MD, OD, MPA Health Sciences Clinical Professor, Medical Director of Emergency Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine
James A Bourgeois, MD, OD, MPA is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine, Alpha Omega Alpha, American Psychiatric Association, Austin Psychiatric Society, Collaborative Family Healthcare Association, NBIA Disorders Association, Texas Child Mental Health Care Consortium, Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians, The Leadership Institute
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Chief Editor
Glen L Xiong, MD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; Medical Director, Sacramento County Mental Health Treatment Center
Glen L Xiong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Psychiatric Association, Central California Psychiatric Society
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: SafelyYou, Blue Cross Blue Shield, Included Health<br/>book co-editor for: Wolter Kluwer, American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
Additional Contributors
Alan D Schmetzer, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine
Alan D Schmetzer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry, American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists, American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, American Association for Physician Leadership, American Medical Association, American Psychiatric Association, International Society for ECT and Neurostimulation, American Neuropsychiatric Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Daniel Schneider, MD, MA † Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders and Behavioral Neurology, Medical Director for Neurologic and Psychiatric Deep Brain Stimulation, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Paula D Ravin, MD Neurologist, Movement Disorders, Westwood Neurology, UCLA Health
Paula D Ravin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, American Medical Association, Massachusetts Medical Society, National Headache Foundation
Disclosure: Received grant/research funds from Chelsea Pharmaceuticals for independent contractor; Received grant/research funds from Kyowa Pharma for independent contractor; Received consulting fee from Best Doctors Inc for consulting; Received grant/research funds from Beth Israel IRB for independent contractor.
Acknowledgements
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors, Nestor Galvez-Jimenez, MD, and Perla Periut, MD, to the development and writing of this article.
