Howard MO, Bowen SE, Garland EL, Perron BE, Vaughn MG. Inhalant use and inhalant use disorders in the United States. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2011 Jul. 6(1):18-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Baydala L. Inhalant abuse. Paediatr Child Health. 2010 Sep. 15(7):443-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Ahern NR, Falsafi N. Inhalant abuse: youth at risk. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2013 Aug. 51(8):19-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Phatak DR, Walterscheid J. Huffing air conditioner fluid: a cool way to die?. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012 Mar. 33(1):64-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Praharaj SK, Kongasseri S. Naphthalene addiction. Subst Abus. 2012. 33(2):189-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Takagi MJ, Yücel M, Lubman DI. The dark side of sniffing: paint colour affects intoxication experiences among adolescent inhalant users. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2010 Jul. 29(4):452-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Youth Use of Inhalants and Aerosols - State Laws 2010. National Conference of State Legislatures. Available at http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=16447.
Howard MO, Bowen SE, Garland EL, Perron BE, Vaughn MG. Inhalant use and inhalant use disorders in the United States. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2011 Jul. 6(1):18-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Howard MO, Perron BE, Sacco P, Ilgen M, Vaughn MG, Garland E. Suicide ideation and attempts among inhalant users: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2010 Jun. 40(3):276-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Sakai JT, Hall SK, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Crowley TJ. Inhalant use, abuse, and dependence among adolescent patients: commonly comorbid problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004 Sep. 43(9):1080-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Garland EL, Howard MO. Volatile substance misuse : clinical considerations, neuropsychopharmacology and potential role of pharmacotherapy in management. CNS Drugs. 2012 Nov. 26(11):927-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Whitt A, Garland EL, Howard MO. Helium inhalation in adolescents: characteristics of users and prevalence of use. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2012 Nov-Dec. 44(5):365-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA Press; 2000. 257-64.
Duncan JR, Lawrence AJ. Conventional concepts and new perspectives for understanding the addictive properties of inhalants. J Pharmacol Sci. 2013. 122(4):237-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Baird CA, Furek MW. Adolescents and inhalant abuse: how huffing affects the myelin sheath. J Addict Nurs. 2012 May. 23(2):129-31. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Takagi M, Lubman DI, Walterfang M, Barton S, Reutens D, Wood A, et al. Corpus callosum size and shape alterations in adolescent inhalant users. Addict Biol. 2013 Sep. 18(5):851-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Tsao JH, Hu YH, How CK, Chern CH, Hung-Tsang Yen D, Huang CI. Atrioventricular conduction abnormality and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in toluene sniffing. J Formos Med Assoc. 2011 Oct. 110(10):652-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Bowen SE. Two serious and challenging medical complications associated with volatile substance misuse: sudden sniffing death and fetal solvent syndrome. Subst Use Misuse. 2011. 46 Suppl 1:68-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hsu CK, Chen YQ, Lung VZ, His SC, Lo HC, Shyu HY. Myelopathy and polyneuropathy caused by nitrous oxide toxicity: a case report. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Jul. 30(6):1016.e3-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McCabe A, McCann B, Kelly P. Pop goes the O2: a case of popper-induced methaemoglobinamia. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Nov 21. 2012:[QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Vilar-López R, Takagi M, Lubman DI, et al. The effects of inhalant misuse on attentional networks. Dev Neuropsychol. 2013. 38(2):126-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
National Inhalant Prevention Coalition. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition Web Site. Available at www.inhalants.org. Accessed: Feb 4, 2008.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. The NSDUH Report: Trends in Adolescent Inhalant Use: 2002 to 2007. March 16, 2009. Available at http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED504728.pdf.
Kay J, Lieberman JA, Tasman A. Inhalant Use Disorders. Psychiatry: behavioral science and clinical essentials. 1st. Philadelphia, Penn: WB Saunders Company; 2000. 263-269.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. 2006. Youth Violence and Illicit Drug Use. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/youthViolence/youthViolence.htm.
Balster RL. Neural basis of inhalant abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Jun-Jul. 51(1-2):207-14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Cheong R, Wilson RK, Cortese IC, Newman-Toker DE. Mothball withdrawal encephalopathy: case report and review of paradichlorobenzene neurotoxicity. Subst Abus. 2006 Dec. 27(4):63-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Courser MW, Holder HD, Collins D, Johnson K, Ogilvie K. An evaluation of retail outlets as part of a community prevention trial to reduce sales of harmful legal products to youth. Eval Rev. 2007 Aug. 31(4):343-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Deas D, Brown ES. Adolescent substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidities. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Jul. 67(7):e02. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Dinwiddie SH. Abuse of inhalants: a review. Addiction. 1994 Aug. 89(8):925-39. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Doogue M, Barclay M. Death due to butane abuse--the clinical pharmacology of inhalants. N Z Med J. 2005 Nov 11. 118(1225):U1732. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Edwards RW, Stanley L, Plested BA, Marquart BS, Chen J, Thurman PJ. Disparities in young adolescent inhalant use by rurality, gender, and ethnicity. Subst Use Misuse. 2007. 42(4):643-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Espeland K. Identifying the manifestations of inhalant abuse. Nurse Pract. 1995 May. 20(5):49-50, 53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Flanagan RJ, Ives RJ. Volatile substance abuse. Bull Narc. 1994. 46(2):49-78. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Giovacchini RP. Abusing the volatile organic chemicals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1985 Mar. 5(1):18-37. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, et al. Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatr Serv. 1998 Jun. 49(6):812-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Jones HE, Balster RL. Inhalant abuse in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1998 Mar. 25(1):153-67. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kaplan HI, Sadhock BJ. Kaplan and Sadhock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 8th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1998. 430-32.
Korman M, Matthews RW, Lovitt R. Neuropsychological effects of abuse of inhalants. Percept Mot Skills. 1981 Oct. 53(2):547-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kucuk NO, Kilic EO, Ibis E, et al. Brain SPECT findings in long-term inhalant abuse. Nucl Med Commun. 2000 Aug. 21(8):769-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kurbat RS, Pollack CV Jr. Facial injury and airway threat from inhalant abuse: a case report. J Emerg Med. 1998 Mar-Apr. 16(2):167-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Kurtzman TL, Otsuka KN, Wahl RA. Inhalant abuse by adolescents(1). J Adolesc Health. 2001 Mar. 28(3):170-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Lacy BW, Ditzler TF. Inhalant abuse in the military: an unrecognized threat. Mil Med. 2007 Apr. 172(4):388-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Maxwell JC. Deaths related to the inhalation of volatile substances in Texas: 1988-1998. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2001 Nov. 27(4):689-97. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McDermott MJ, Drescher CF, Smitherman TA, et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime substance use among a rural and diverse sample of adolescents. Subst Abus. 2013. 34(4):371-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
McGarvey EL, Clavet GJ, Mason W, Waite D. Adolescent inhalant abuse: environments of use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999 Nov. 25(4):731-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Meadows R, Verghese A. Medical complications of glue sniffing. South Med J. 1996 May. 89(5):455-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Misra LK, Kofoed L, Fuller W. Treatment of inhalant abuse with risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Sep. 60(9):620. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Muilenburg JL, Johnson WD. Inhalant use and risky behavior correlates in a sample of rural middle school students. Subst Abus. 2006 Dec. 27(4):21-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
National Conference of State Legislatures. Unpublished Information on Inhalation Legislation through June 2000.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. Inhalant Abuse Research Report. 2005.
National Institute on Drug Abuse and University of Michigan. Monitoring the Future 2005 Data From In-School Surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-Grade Students. Dec 2005.
Office of National Drug Control Policy. Drug Policy Information Clearinghouse, Street Terms: Drugs and the Drug Trade Inhalations Section.
Oh SJ, Kim JM. Giant axonal swelling in "huffer's" neuropathy. Arch Neurol. 1976 Aug. 33(8):583-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Russe BR, McCoy CB, Barton JE. Recent findings concerning inhalant use. Chem Depend. 1980. 4(1-2):113-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Santos de Barona M, Simpson DD. Inhalant users in drug abuse prevention programs. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1984. 10(4):503-18. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Shen YC. Treatment of inhalant dependence with lamotrigine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Apr 13. 31(3):769-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Soderberg LS. Immunomodulation by nitrite inhalants may predispose abusers to AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Mar 15. 83(1-2):157-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Weintraub E, Gandhi D, Robinson C. Medical complications due to mothball abuse. South Med J. 2000 Apr. 93(4):427-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Wu LT, Ringwalt CL. Inhalant use and disorders among adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Oct 15. 85(1):1-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Young SJ, Longstaffe S, Tenenbein M. Inhalant abuse and the abuse of other drugs. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999 May. 25(2):371-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Batis JC. Effectiveness of Inhalant Abuse Legislation. Subst Use Misuse. 2017 Jan 28. 52 (2):175-181. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].
Nguyen J, O'Brien C, Schapp S. Adolescent inhalant use prevention, assessment, and treatment: A literature synthesis. Int J Drug Policy. 2016 May. 31:15-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].
Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, Saha TD, Ruan WJ, Stohl M, et al. Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 1. 75 (4):336-346. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].