Diaphragmatic Paralysis Questions & Answers

1. Kumar N, Folger WN, Bolton CF. Dyspnea as the predominant manifestation of bilateral phrenic neuropathy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Dec. 79(12):1563-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

2. Maish MS. The diaphragm. Surg Clin North Am. 2010 Oct. 90(5):955-68. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Summerhill EM, El-Sameed YA, Glidden TJ, McCool FD. Monitoring recovery from diaphragm paralysis with ultrasound. Chest. 2008 Mar. 133(3):737-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Zouari M, Abid I, Mhiri R. Diaphragmatic paralysis following open-heart surgery in an 18-month-old child. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2018 Sep 30. 218492318805338. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Weiss C, Witt T, Grau S, Tonn JC. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis with recurrent lung infections due to degenerative motor root compression of C3 and C4. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2011 Mar. 153(3):597-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Erdoğan S, Kalın S. Hashimoto Encephalopathy. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2018 Sep. 46 (5):402-405. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Bennji S, Sagar D, Brey N, Koegelenberg C. Neuromyelitis optica with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Sep 28. 2018:[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Ulku R, Onat S, Balci A, Eren N. Phrenic nerve injury after blunt trauma. Int Surg. 2005 Apr-Jun. 90(2):93-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Groth SS, Andrade RS. Diaphragm plication for eventration or paralysis: a review of the literature. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010 Jun. 89(6):S2146-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Easton PA, Fleetham JA, de la Rocha A, Anthonisen NR. Respiratory function after paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Jan. 127(1):125-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Xu WD, Gu YD, Lu JB, Yu C, Zhang CG, Xu JG. Pulmonary function after complete unilateral phrenic nerve transection. J Neurosurg. 2005 Sep. 103(3):464-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Han KY, Bang HJ. Exercise therapy for a patient with persistent dyspnea after combined traumatic diaphragmatic rupture and phrenic nerve injury: A case report. PM R. 2014 Nov 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ. Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 1998 May. 8(2):237-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Miller JM, Moxham J, Green M. The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man. Clin Sci (Lond). 1985 Jul. 69(1):91-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Lloyd T, Tang YM, Benson MD, King S. Diaphragmatic paralysis: the use of M mode ultrasound for diagnosis in adults. Spinal Cord. 2006 Aug. 44(8):505-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Gottesman E, McCool FD. Ultrasound evaluation of the paralyzed diaphragm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 May. 155(5):1570-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Miller JM, Moxham J, Green M. The maximal sniff in the assessment of diaphragm function in man. Clin Sci (Lond). 1985 Jul. 69 (1):91-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Gill LC, Mantilla CB, Sieck GC. Impact of unilateral denervation on transdiaphragmatic pressure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2015 May. 210:14-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Aldrich TK, Tso R. The lungs and neuromuscular diseases. Murray JF, Nadel JA, eds. Murray and Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2005. 2285-2290.

20. McCool FD, Tzelepis GE. Dysfunction of the diaphragm. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 8. 366 (10):932-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Versteegh MI, Braun J, Voigt PG, Bosman DB, Stolk J, Rabe KF. Diaphragm plication in adult patients with diaphragm paralysis leads to long-term improvement of pulmonary function and level of dyspnea. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Sep. 32(3):449-56. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Freeman RK, Van Woerkom J, Vyverberg A, Ascioti AJ. Long-term follow-up of the functional and physiologic results of diaphragm plication in adults with unilateral diaphragm paralysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Oct. 88(4):1112-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Gazala S, Hunt I, Bedard EL. Diaphragmatic plication offers functional improvement in dyspnoea and better pulmonary function with low morbidity. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012 Sep. 15(3):505-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Hubsch JP, Duguet A, Morelot-Panzini C, Riquet M, et al. Intrathoracic phrenic pacing: a 10-year experience in France. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Aug. 142(2):378-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. DiMarco AF, Onders RP, Ignagni A, Kowalski KE, Mortimer JT. Phrenic nerve pacing via intramuscular diaphragm electrodes in tetraplegic subjects. Chest. 2005 Feb. 127(2):671-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Bach JR, Penek J. Obstructive sleep apnea complicating negative-pressure ventilatory support in patients with chronic paralytic/restrictive ventilatory dysfunction. Chest. 1991 Jun. 99(6):1386-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Kaufman MR, Elkwood AI, Rose MI, Patel T, Ashinoff R, Saad A, et al. Reinnervation of the paralyzed diaphragm: application of nerve surgery techniques following unilateral phrenic nerve injury. Chest. 2011 Jul. 140(1):191-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Kaufman MR, Elkwood AI, Colicchio AR, CeCe J, Jarrahy R, Willekes LJ, et al. Functional restoration of diaphragmatic paralysis: an evaluation of phrenic nerve reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 Jan. 97(1):260-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Petrovic M, Lahrmann H, Pohl W, Wanke T. Idiopathic diaphragmatic paralysis--satisfactory improvement of inspiratory muscle function by inspiratory muscle training. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2009 Feb 28. 165(2-3):266-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Justina Gamache, MD Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Payam Rohani, MD Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Payam Rohani, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Shahriar Pirouz, MD Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nader Kamangar, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vice-Chair, Department of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Nader Kamangar, MD, FACP, FCCP, FCCM is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Persian Physicians, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Critical Care Medicine, American College of Physicians, American Lung Association, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, Association of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Program Directors, Association of Specialty Professors, California Sleep Society, California Thoracic Society, Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Trudeau Society of Los Angeles, World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP Associate Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Pulmonary Medicine General Practice Unit (F2), Senior Staff and Attending Physician, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital

Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Received research grant from: Sanofi Pharmaceutical.

Guy W Soo Hoo, MD, MPH Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System

Guy W Soo Hoo, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Respiratory Care, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Thoracic Society, California Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and World Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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