Author
Jeffrey M Heftler, MD Interventional Physiatrist, Orthopaedic and Neurosurgical Specialists, Greenwich, CT
Jeffrey M Heftler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, International Spine Intervention Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Michael F Saulino, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Director of Regional Spina Bifida Clinic, Moss Rehab; Attending Physician, Moss Rehab and Albert Einstein Medical Center; Consulting Physician, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Michael F Saulino, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Association of Academic Physiatrists, International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, North American Neuromodulation Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Michael T Andary, MD, MS Professor, Residency Program Director, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Michael T Andary, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Medical Association, Association of Academic Physiatrists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Stephen Kishner, MD, MHA Clinical Professor, Louisiana State University School of Medicine in New Orleans
Stephen Kishner, MD, MHA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Additional Contributors
Curtis W Slipman, MD Director, University of Pennsylvania Spine Center; Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Curtis W Slipman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Association of Academic Physiatrists, International Association for the Study of Pain, North American Spine Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
