Patellofemoral Syndrome Questions & Answers

1. Petersen W, Ellermann A, Gosele-Koppenburg A, et al. Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Oct. 22 (10):2264-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. Piva SR, Fitzgerald GK, Irrgang JJ, et al. Associates of physical function and pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Feb. 90(2):285-95. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Bump JM, Lewis L. Patellofemoral Syndrome. StatPearls. 2022 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

4. Price JL. Patellofemoral syndrome: how to perform a basic knee evaluation. JAAPA. 2008 Dec. 21(12):39-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Arazpour M, Bahramian F, Abutorabi A, Nourbakhsh ST, Alidousti A, Aslani H. The Effect of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome on Gait Parameters: A Literature Review. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016 Oct. 4 (4):298-306. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

6. Finnoff JT, Hall MM, Kyle K, Krause DA, Lai J, Smith J. Hip strength and knee pain in high school runners: a prospective study. PM R. 2011 Sep. 3(9):792-801. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Kettunen JA, Visuri T, Harilainen A, et al. Primary cartilage lesions and outcome among subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005 Mar. 13(2):131-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Näslund JE, Odenbring S, Näslund UB, Lundeberg T. Diffusely increased bone scintigraphic uptake in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Br J Sports Med. 2005 Mar. 39(3):162-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

9. Schutzer SF, Ramsby GR, Fulkerson JP. Computed tomographic classification of patellofemoral pain patients. Orthop Clin North Am. 1986 Apr. 17(2):235-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Bolgla LA, Malone TR, Umberger BR, et al. Reliability of electromyographic methods used for assessing hip and knee neuromuscular activity in females diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009 Jan 2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Ferrari D, Kuriki HU, Silva CR, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the electromyography parameters associated with anterior knee pain in the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Apr 15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Syme G, Rowe P, Martin D, et al. Disability in patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised controlled trial of VMO selective training versus general quadriceps strengthening. Man Ther. 2009 Jun. 14(3):252-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Kooiker L, Van De Port IG, Weir A, et al. Effects of physical therapist-guided quadriceps-strengthening exercises for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Jun. 44(6):391-B1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Chiu JK, Wong YM, Yung PS, Ng GY. The effects of quadriceps strengthening on pain, function, and patellofemoral joint contact area in persons with patellofemoral pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Feb. 91(2):98-106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Kolle T, Alt W, Wagner D. Effects of a 12-week home exercise therapy program on pain and neuromuscular activity in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020 Jul 29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Alba-Martin P, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Plaza-Manzano G, Romero-Franco N, Nunez-Nagy S, Pecos-Martin D. Effectiveness of therapeutic physical exercise in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jul. 27 (7):2387-90. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

17. Peters JS, Tyson NL. Proximal exercises are effective in treating patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Oct. 8(5):689-700. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. van der Heijden RA, Lankhorst NE, van Linschoten R, et al. Exercise for treating patellofemoral pain syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 20. 1:CD010387. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Araujo CG, de Souza Guerino Macedo C, Ferreira D, Shigaki L, da Silva RA. Mcconnell's patellar taping does not alter knee and hip muscle activation differences during proprioceptive exercises: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016 Dec. 31:72-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Yoon S, Son H. Effects of McConnell and Kinesio Tapings on Pain and Gait Parameters during Stair Ambulation in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Sep 4. 58 (9):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

21. Collins N, Crossley K, Beller E, Darnell R, McPoil T, Vicenzino B. Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2008 Oct 24. 337:a1735. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

22. Barton CJ, Menz HB, Crossley KM. Clinical Predictors of Foot Orthoses Efficacy in Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Feb 8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Uboldi FM, Ferrua P, Tradati D, et al. Use of an Elastomeric Knee Brace in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Short-Term Results. Joints. 2018 Jun. 6 (2):85-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

24. Teitge RA. Patellofemoral syndrome a paradigm for current surgical strategies. Orthop Clin North Am. 2008 Jul. 39(3):287-311, v. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. [Guideline] Collins NJ, Barton CJ, van Middelkoop M, et al. 2018 Consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions (orthoses, taping and manual therapy) to treat patellofemoral pain: recommendations from the 5th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Gold Coast, Australia, 2017. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Sep. 52 (18):1170-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

26. Lankhorst NE, van Middelkoop M, van Trier YD, et al. Can We Predict Which Subjects With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Are More Likely to Benefit From Exercise Therapy: A Secondary Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Jan 27. 1-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Noel F So, MD, FAAPMR Amputee Medical Director, PMRS Attending Physician, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System; Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Patrick M Foye, MD Director of Coccyx Pain Center, Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Co-Director of Musculoskeletal Fellowship, Co-Director of Back Pain Clinic, University Hospital

Patrick M Foye, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Ryan O Stephenson, DO Associate Professor of Clinical Practice, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Medical Director of Polytrauma and Brain Injury (Polytrauma Network Site), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Ryan O Stephenson, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, Association of Academic Physiatrists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Keith Aj Sequeira, MD, FRCPC Associate Professor, Director of Education, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Parkwood Hospistal, University of Western Ontario

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Patrick J Potter, MD, FRCSC Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Western Ontario School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Joseph's Health Care Centre

Patrick J Potter, MD, FRCSC is a member of the following medical societies: Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Canadian Medical Association, Ontario Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert E Windsor, MD, FAAPMR, FAAEM, FAAPM President and Director, Georgia Pain Physicians, PC; Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Emory University School of Medicine

Robert E Windsor, MD, FAAPMR, FAAEM, FAAPM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Association, International Association for the Study of Pain, Texas Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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