Overview
What is lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What are the signs and symptoms of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Which therapeutic exercises are used in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
When is surgery indicated in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the pathophysiology of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
How is lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis classified?
How is lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis graded?
What is the mortality and morbidity associated with lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What are the racial predilections of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Which age groups have the highest prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the US prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the sexual predilection of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Presentation
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Which physical exam findings are characteristic of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What causes lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Lumbar Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis?
Workup
What is the role of lab testing in the workup of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the role of electromyography in the workup of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Which histologic findings are characteristic of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Treatment
What is the role of physical therapy in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What are the possible complications of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What are considerations in treatment selection for lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the role of bracing in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the role of injections in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the role of NSAIDs in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
How is degenerative spondylolisthesis treated?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Follow-up
What is included in the long-term monitoring of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
Which medications are used in the treatment of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
How is lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis prevented?
What are the possible complications of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is the prognosis for lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What is included in patient education about lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
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Radiograph of the lumbosacral junction showing a grade 1 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis at L5-S1.
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Lumbar oblique radiograph showing the "Scottie Dog." A pars defect is seen at L5.
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Bone scan with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging showing acute spondylolysis
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Axial computed tomography (CT) scan shows bilateral spondylolysis. Note elongation of the spinal canal at this level.
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Grade 4 traumatic spondylolisthesis.
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Diagram in the oblique projection shows the components of the vertebrae that result in the appearance of a Scottie dog with a collar.