Barohn R. Metabolic myopathies. Cecil RL, Goldman L, eds. Textbook of Medicine. 21 ed. Orlando, Fla: Harcourt Health Sciences; 2000.
Fariduddin MM, Bansal N. Hypothyroid Myopathy. StatPearls. 2020 Jan. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Miyake I, Hiromatsu Y. [Hypothyroid myopathy]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu. 2001. (36):294-7. [Medline].
Scott KR, Simmons Z, Boyer PJ. Hypothyroid myopathy with a strikingly elevated serum creatine kinase level. Muscle Nerve. 2002 Jul. 26(1):141-4. [Medline].
Deepak S, Harikrishnan, Jayakumar B. Hypothyroidism presenting as Hoffman's syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc. 2004 Jan. 102(1):41-2. [Medline].
Turker H, Bayrak O, Gungor L, et al. Hypothyroid myopathy with manifestations of Hoffman's syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Thyroid. 2008 Feb. 18(2):259-62. [Medline].
Tuncel D, Cetinkaya A, Kaya B, et al. Hoffmann's syndrome: a case report. Med Princ Pract. 2008. 17(4):346-8. [Medline].
Razi SM, Gupta AK, Gupta DC, Gutch M, Gupta KK, Usman SI. Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome with Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne Syndrome: Case Report of a Rare Association. Eur Thyroid J. 2017 Feb. 6 (1):47-51. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Cimbek EA, Sen Y, Yuca SA, Cam D, Gur C, Peru H. Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome with rhabdomyolysis and increased creatinine. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Nov 1. 28 (11-12):1383-5. [Medline].
Oden Akman A, Tayfun M, Demirel F, Ucakturk SA, Gungor A. Association of Van Wyk Grumbach and Debre Semelaigne Syndromes with Severe Hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015 Dec. 28 (6):e161-3. [Medline].
Kisakol G, Tunc R, Kaya A. Rhabdomyolysis in a patient with hypothyroidism. Endocr J. 2003 Apr. 50(2):221-3. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Finsterer J, Stöllberger C, Grossegger C, Kroiss A. Hypothyroid myopathy with unusually high serum creatine kinase values. Horm Res. 1999. 52(4):205-8. [Medline].
Sinclair C, Gilchrist JM, Hennessey JV, et al. Muscle carnitine in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Muscle Nerve. 2005 Sep. 32(3):357-9. [Medline].
Lochmuller H, Reimers CD. Exercise induced myalgia in hypothyroidism. Year Book of Sports Medicine. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1994. 999-1001.
Casimiro-Lopes G, Alves SB, Salerno VP, et al. Maximum acute exercise tolerance in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats subjected to forced swimming. Horm Metab Res. 2008 Apr. 40(4):276-80. [Medline].
Balachandran K, Vignesh G, Mahesh DM, Girish P, Kamalanathan CS, Sahoo JP. Reassessment of elicitation of myoedema in evaluation of overt hypothyroidism: A pilot study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec. 16(Suppl 2):S356-7. [Medline].
Ruchala M, Zybek A, Szczepanek-Parulska E. Serum irisin levels and thyroid function--newly discovered association. Peptides. 2014 Oct. 60:51-5. [Medline].
Zybek-Kocik A, Sawicka-Gutaj N, Szczepanek-Parulska E, et al. The association between irisin and muscle metabolism in different thyroid disorders. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018 Mar. 88 (3):460-7. [Medline].
Stratigou T, Dalamaga M, Antonakos G, et al. Hyperirisinemia is independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism: correlations with cardiometabolic biomarkers and risk factors. Endocrine. 2018 Feb 17. [Medline].
Cakir M, Samanci N, Balci N, et al. Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with thyroid disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003 Aug. 59(2):162-7. [Medline].
Duyff RF, Van den Bosch J, Laman DM, van Loon BJ, Linssen WH. Neuromuscular findings in thyroid dysfunction: a prospective clinical and electrodiagnostic study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Jun. 68(6):750-5. [Medline].
Horak HA, Pourmand R. Endocrine myopathies. Neurol Clin. 2000 Feb. 18(1):203-13. [Medline].
Pourmand R. Metabolic myopathies. A diagnostic evaluation. Neurol Clin. 2000 Feb. 18(1):1-13. [Medline].
Madhu SV, Jain R, Kant S, Prakash V, Kumar V. Myopathy presenting as a sole manifestation of hypothyroidism. J Assoc Physicians India. 2010 Sep. 58:569-70. [Medline].
Asirvatham AR, Balachandran K, Balasubramanian S, Mahadevan S. Myoedema in secondary hypothyroidism: an often unelicited clinical sign of hypothyroid myopathy. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Dec 15. 12 (12):[Medline].
Tullu MS, Udgirkar VS, Muranjan MN, Sathe SA, Kamat JR. Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome: hypothyroidism with muscle pseudohypertrophy. Indian J Pediatr. 2003 Aug. 70(8):671-3. [Medline].
Shaw C, Shaw P. Kocher-debre-semelaigne syndrome: hypothyroid muscular pseudohypertrophy-a rare report of two cases. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2012. 2012:153143. [Medline].
Spira D, Buchmann N, Demuth I, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Volzke H, Ittermann T. Association of Thyroid Function with Handgrip Strength: Data from the Study of Health in Pomerania and the Berlin Aging Study II. Thyroid. 2019 Sep. 29 (9):1220-6. [Medline].
Monzani F, Caraccio N, Siciliano G, et al. Clinical and biochemical features of muscle dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Oct. 82(10):3315-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Lando HM, Burman KD. Two cases of statin-induced myopathy caused by induced hypothyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2008 Sep. 14(6):726-31. [Medline].
Ghilardi G, Gonvers JJ, So A. Hypothyroid myopathy as a complication of interferon alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Br J Rheumatol. 1998 Dec. 37(12):1349-51. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Obolonczyk L, Obolonczyk L, Siekierska-Hellmann M, et al. Side effects during interferon-alpha therapy of hepatitis C with special consideration of thyroid dysfunction. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2007 Jun 26. 62:309-21. [Medline].
Krieger EV, Knopp RH. Hypothyroidism misdiagnosed as statin intolerance. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jul 7. 151(1):72. [Medline].
Hung YT, Yeung VT. Hypothyroidism presenting as hypercholesterolaemia and simvastatin-induced myositis. Hong Kong Med J. 2000 Dec. 6(4):423-4. [Medline].
Kung AW, Ma JT, Yu YL, Wang CC, Woo EK, Lam KS. Myopathy in acute hypothyroidism. Postgrad Med J. 1987 Aug. 63(742):661-3. [Medline].
Benavides VC, Rivkees SA. Myopathy Associated with Acute Hypothyroidism following Radioiodine Therapy for Graves Disease in an Adolescent. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2010. 2010:[Medline]. [Full Text].
Takanami I, Imamuma T, Yamamoto Y, et al. The rapid transformation of hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism complicated by myasthenia gravis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995 Sep. 110(3):852. [Medline].
El-Midaoui A, Boujraf SA, Belahsen MF, Messouak O. Thyroiditis of Hashimoto and myotonia. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2010 Oct. 15(4):284-6. [Medline].
Modi G. Cores in hypothyroid myopathy: a clinical, histological and immunofluorescence study. J Neurol Sci. 2000 Apr 1. 175(1):28-32. [Medline].
Sharma V, Borah P, Basumatary LJ, et al. Myopathies of endocrine disorders: a prospective clinical and biochemical study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2014 Jul. 17(3):298-302. [Medline]. [Full Text].