Mesquita J, Varela A, Medina JL. Trauma and the endocrine system. Endocrinol Nutr. 2010 Dec. 57(10):492-9. [Medline].
Kaulfers AM, Backeljauw PF, Reifschneider K, Blum S, Michaud L, Weiss M, et al. Endocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury in children. J Pediatr. 2010 Dec. 157(6):894-9. [Medline].
Yang WH, Chen PC, Wang TC, Kuo TY, Cheng CY, Yang YH. Endocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: a 5-year follow-up nationwide-based study. Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 9. 6:32987. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Tanriverdi F, Schneider HJ, Aimaretti G, Masel BE, Casanueva FF, Kelestimur F. Pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: a clinical and pathophysiological approach. Endocr Rev. 2015 Jun. 36 (3):305-42. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Acerini CL, Tasker RC. Neuroendocrine consequences of traumatic brain injury. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jul. 21(7):611-9. [Medline].
Hadani M, Findler G, Shaked I, et al. Unusual delayed onset of diabetes insipidus following closed head trauma. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1985 Sep. 63(3):456-8. [Medline].
Levitt MA, Fleischer AS, Meislin HW. Acute post-traumatic diabetes insipidus: treatment with continuous intravenous vasopressin. J Trauma. 1984 Jun. 24(6):532-5. [Medline].
Notman DD, Mortek MA, Moses AM. Permanent diabetes insipidus following head trauma: observations on ten patients and an approach to diagnosis. J Trauma. 1980 Jul. 20(7):599-602. [Medline].
Shucart WA, Jackson I. Management of diabetes insipidus in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg. 1976 Jan. 44(1):65-71. [Medline].
Tatoian JA Jr, LaDow CS Jr, Diamond MC. Permanent posttraumatic diabetes insipidus. J Oral Surg. 1975 Jul. 33(7):548-51. [Medline].
Ward MK, Fraser TR. DDAVP in treatment of vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. Br Med J. 1974 Jul 13. 3(923):86-9. [Medline].
Klingbeil GE, Cline P. Anterior hypopituitarism: a consequence of head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985 Jan. 66(1):44-6. [Medline].
Mitchell A, Steffenson N, Davenport K. Hypopituitarism due to traumatic brain injury: a case study. Crit Care Nurse. 1997 Aug. 17(4):34-7, 40-2, 46-51; quiz 53-4. [Medline].
Soules MR, Sheldon GW. Traumatic hypopituitarism: anterior hypophyseal insufficiency from indirect cranial trauma. South Med J. 1979 Dec. 72(12):1592-6. [Medline].
Valenta LJ, De Feo DR. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism due to a hypothalamic lesion. Am J Med. 1980 Apr. 68(4):614-7. [Medline].
Winternitz WW, Dzur JA. Pituitary failure secondary to head trauma. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1976 Apr. 44(4):504-5. [Medline].
Peters J, Welt L, Sims E. A salt wasting syndrome associated with cerebral disease. Trans Assoc Am Physiol. 1950. 63:57-64.
Zafonte RD, Mann NR. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in brain injury patients: a potential cause of hyponatremia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 May. 78(5):540-2. [Medline].
Powner DJ, Boccalandro C. Adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury in adults. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2008 Apr. 14(2):163-6. [Medline].
Reifschneider K, Auble BA, Rose SR. Update of Endocrine Dysfunction following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med. 2015 Jul 31. 4 (8):1536-60. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Giuliano S, Talarico S, Bruno L, Nicoletti FB, Ceccotti C, Belfiore A. Growth hormone deficiency and hypopituitarism in adults after complicated mild traumatic brain injury. Endocrine. 2017 Oct. 58 (1):115-23. [Medline].
Thurman DJ, Alverson C, Dunn KA, et al. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a public health perspective. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1999 Dec. 14(6):602-15. [Medline].
Behan LA, Phillips J, Thompson CJ, et al. Neuroendocrine disorders after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008 Jul. 79(7):753-9. [Medline].
De Sanctis V, Sprocati M, Govoni M R, et al. Assessment of traumatic brain injury and anterior pituitary dysfunction in adolescents. Georgian Med News. 2008 Mar. 18-23. [Medline].
Ortiz JB, Sukhina A, Balkan B, et al. Epidemiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders in Arizona. Front Neurol. 2019. 10:1410. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Dassa Y, Crosnier H, Chevignard M, et al. Pituitary deficiency and precocious puberty after childhood severe traumatic brain injury: a long-term follow-up prospective study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 May 1. 180 (5):281-90. [Medline].
Tritos NA, Yuen KC, Kelly DF, AACE Neuroendocrine and Pituitary Scientific Committee. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY DISEASE STATE CLINICAL REVIEW: A NEUROENDOCRINE APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. Endocr Pract. 2015 Jul. 21 (7):823-31. [Medline].
Silva PP, Bhatnagar S, Herman SD, et al. Predictors of Hypopituitarism in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Nov 15. 32 (22):1789-95. [Medline].
Born JD, Hans P, Smitz S, et al. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after severe head injury. Surg Neurol. 1985 Apr. 23(4):383-7. [Medline].
Zihl J, Almeida OF. Neuropsychology of Neuroendocrine Dysregulation after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med. 2015 May 20. 4 (5):1051-62. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Lohani S, Devkota UP. Hyponatremia in patients with traumatic brain injury: etiology, incidence, and severity correlation. World Neurosurg. 2011 Sep-Oct. 76(3-4):355-60. [Medline].
Momi J, Tang CM, Abcar AC, Kujubu DA, Sim JJ. Hyponatremia-what is cerebral salt wasting?. Perm J. 2010 Summer. 14(2):62-5. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Yang YH, Lin JJ, Hsia SH, Wu CT, Wang HS, Hung PC, et al. Central diabetes insipidus in children with acute brain insult. Pediatr Neurol. 2011 Dec. 45(6):377-80. [Medline].
De Sanctis V, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Soliman NA, Elalaily R, El Kholy M. Precocious Puberty Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Childhood: A Review of the Literature. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2015 Sep. 13 (1):458-64. [Medline].
Salomón-Estébanez MA, Grau G, Vela A, et al. Is routine endocrine evaluation necessary after paediatric traumatic brain injury?. J Endocrinol Invest. 2014 Feb. 37(2):143-8. [Medline].
Makulski DD, Taber KH, Chiou-Tan FY. Neuroimaging in posttraumatic hypopituitarism. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2008 Mar-Apr. 32(2):324-8. [Medline].