Fibromyalgia Questions & Answers

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8. Buskila D, Press J, Abu-Shakra M. Fibromyalgia in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and clinical implications. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2003 Aug. 25(1):25-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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18. Schmidt-Wilcke T, Diers M. New Insights into the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines. 2017 May 13. 5 (2):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

19. Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: more than just a musculoskeletal disease. Am Fam Physician. 1995 Sep 1. 52(3):843-51, 853-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Merskey H. Classification of chronic pain: Description of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Pain. 1986. Suppl 3:S217.

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22. Crofford LJ. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Z Rheumatol. 1998. 57 Suppl 2:67-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Martinez-Lavin M. Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Stress, the stress response system, and fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007. 9(4):216. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Tanriverdi F, Karaca Z, Unluhizarci K, et al. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. Stress. 2007 Mar. 10(1):13-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. van Middendorp H, Lumley MA, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW, Geenen R. The effects of anger and sadness on clinical pain reports and experimentally-induced pain thresholds in women with and without fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Oct. 62(10):1370-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Jones KD, Deodhar P, Lorentzen A, Bennett RM, Deodhar AA. Growth hormone perturbations in fibromyalgia: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jun. 36(6):357-79. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Umeda M, Corbin LW, Maluf KS. Preliminary investigation of absent nociceptive flexion reflex responses among more symptomatic women with fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Apr 4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: update on mechanisms and management. J Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Apr. 13(2):102-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Staud R, Robinson ME, Vierck CJ Jr, et al. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) attenuate temporal summation of second pain in normal males but not in normal females or fibromyalgia patients. Pain. 2003 Jan. 101(1-2):167-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Staud R, Spaeth M. Psychophysical and neurochemical abnormalities of pain processing in fibromyalgia. CNS Spectr. 2008 Mar. 13(3 Suppl 5):12-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Wood PB, Schweinhardt P, Jaeger E, et al. Fibromyalgia patients show an abnormal dopamine response to pain. Eur J Neurosci. 2007 Jun. 25(12):3576-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Sarchielli P, Di Filippo M, Nardi K, Calabresi P. Sensitization, glutamate, and the link between migraine and fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2007 Oct. 11(5):343-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Diatchenko L, Slade GD, Nackley AG, et al. Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Jan 1. 14(1):135-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Docampo E, Escaramís G, Gratacòs M, Villatoro S, Puig A, Kogevinas M, et al. Genome-wide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants in fibromyalgia suggest a role for the central nervous system. Pain. 2014 Jun. 155 (6):1102-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Clauw DJ. Pharmacotherapy for patients with fibromyalgia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008. 69 Suppl 2:25-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Winfield JB. Psychological determinants of fibromyalgia and related syndromes. Curr Rev Pain. 2000. 4(4):276-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Tander B, Gunes S, Boke O, et al. Polymorphisms of the serotonin-2A receptor and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes: a study on fibromyalgia susceptibility. Rheumatol Int. 2008 May. 28(7):685-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Russell IJ, Orr MD, Littman B, et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Nov. 37(11):1593-601. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Griep EN, Boersma JW, de Kloet ER. Altered reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1993 Mar. 20(3):469-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Crofford LJ. Neuroendocrine aspects of fibromyalgia. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1994. 2:125-33.

41. Cuatrecasas G, Riudavets C, Güell MA, Nadal A. Growth hormone as concomitant treatment in severe fibromyalgia associated with low IGF-1 serum levels. A pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Nov 30. 8:119. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

42. Albrecht DS, Forsberg A, Sandström A, Bergan C, Kadetoff D, Protsenko E, et al. Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia - A multi-site positron emission tomography investigation. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Sep 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

43. Glass JM. Fibromyalgia and cognition. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008. 69 Suppl 2:20-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Glass JM, Williams DA, Fernandez-Sanchez ML, Kairys A, Barjola P, Heitzeg MM, et al. Executive function in chronic pain patients and healthy controls: different cortical activation during response inhibition in fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2011 Dec. 12(12):1219-29. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Lue FA. Sleep and fibromyalgia. J Musculoskelet Pain. 1994. 2:89-100.

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47. Goebel A, Krock E, Gentry C, Israel MR, Jurczak A, Urbina CM, et al. Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 1. 131 (13):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Tracey KJ. From human to mouse and back offers hope for patients with fibromyalgia. J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 1. 131 (13):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Pinto AM, Luís M, Geenen R, Palavra F, Lumley MA, Ablin JN, et al. Neurophysiological and psychosocial mechanisms of fibromyalgia: A comprehensive review and call for an integrative model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Aug. 151:105235. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977 Apr 8. 196(4286):129-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Hess EV, Ware AE, Fritz DA, Auchenbach MB, et al. Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Mar. 50(3):944-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Olson J. Mapping Genes for Fibromyalgia. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Aug 2004. Spotlight on Research, Fibromyalgia: Summaries of Research. [Full Text].

53. Diatchenko L, Nackley AG, Slade GD, et al. Idiopathic pain disorders--pathways of vulnerability. Pain. 2006 Aug. 123(3):226-30. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

54. Buskila D, Sarzi-Puttini P. Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Genetic aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther. Jul 28 2006. 8(5):218.

55. Ovrom EA, Mostert KA, Khakhkhar S, McKee DP, Yang P, Her YF. A Comprehensive Review of the Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to the Development of Fibromyalgia. Biomedicines. 2023 Apr 7. 11 (4):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

56. Offenbaecher M, Bondy B, de Jonge S, Glatzeder K, Krüger M, Schoeps P, et al. Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Nov. 42(11):2482-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Diatchenko L, Nackley AG, Slade GD, Bhalang K, Belfer I, Max MB, et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple pain-evoking stimuli. Pain. 2006 Dec 5. 125(3):216-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

58. Fillingim RB, Maixner W. Gender differences in the responses to noxious stimuli. Pain Forum. 1995. 4:209-221.

59. Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P, England R, et al. Musculosketal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with "fibrositis syndrome" and healthy subjects. Psychosom Med. 1975 Jul-Aug. 37(4):341-51. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Schrader H, Obelieniene D, Bovim G, Surkiene D, Mickeviciene D, Miseviciene I, et al. Natural evolution of late whiplash syndrome outside the medicolegal context. Lancet. 1996 May 4. 347(9010):1207-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Buskila D, Neumann L, Vaisberg G, Alkalay D, Wolfe F. Increased rates of fibromyalgia following cervical spine injury. A controlled study of 161 cases of traumatic injury. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Mar. 40(3):446-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

62. Obelieniene D, Schrader H, Bovim G, Miseviciene I, Sand T. Pain after whiplash: a prospective controlled inception cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Mar. 66(3):279-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

63. Tishler M, Levy O, Maslakov I, Bar-Chaim S, Amit-Vazina M. Neck injury and fibromyalgia-- are they really associated?. J Rheumatol. 2006 Jun. 33(6):1183-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

64. Shir Y, Pereira JX, Fitzcharles MA. Whiplash and fibromyalgia: an ever-widening gap. J Rheumatol. 2006 Jun. 33(6):1045-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

65. Van Houdenhove B, Egle UT. Fibromyalgia: a stress disorder? Piecing the biopsychosocial puzzle together. Psychother Psychosom. 2004 Sep-Oct. 73(5):267-75. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

66. Van Houdenhove B, Luyten P. Beyond dualism: the role of life stress in chronic pain. Pain. 2005 Jan. 113(1-2):238-9; discussion 240-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

67. Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan. 38(1):19-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

68. Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P. Induction of neurasthenic musculoskeletal pain syndrome by selective sleep stage deprivation. Psychosom Med. 1976 Jan-Feb. 38(1):35-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

69. Crombez G, Eccleston C, Van den Broeck A, et al. Hypervigilance to pain in fibromyalgia: the mediating role of pain intensity and catastrophic thinking about pain. Clin J Pain. 2004 Mar-Apr. 20(2):98-102. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

70. Keefe FJ, Lefebvre JC, Maixner W, Salley AN Jr, Caldwell DS. Self-efficacy for arthritis pain: relationship to perception of thermal laboratory pain stimuli. Arthritis Care Res. 1997 Jun. 10(3):177-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

71. Gracely RH, Geisser ME, Giesecke T, Grant MA, Petzke F, Williams DA, et al. Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia. Brain. 2004 Apr. 127:835-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

72. Bradley LA. Psychiatric comorbidity in fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2005 Apr. 9(2):79-86. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

73. Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Keck PE, Auchenbach MB, Javaras KN, Hess EV. Comorbidity of fibromyalgia and psychiatric disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Aug. 67(8):1219-25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

74. Giesecke T, Williams DA, Harris RE, Cupps TR, Tian X, Tian TX, et al. Subgrouping of fibromyalgia patients on the basis of pressure-pain thresholds and psychological factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Oct. 48(10):2916-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. Giesecke T, Gracely RH, Williams DA, Geisser ME, Petzke FW, Clauw DJ. The relationship between depression, clinical pain, and experimental pain in a chronic pain cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 May. 52(5):1577-84. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

76. Fassbender K, Samborsky W, Kellner M, Müller W, Lautenbacher S. Tender points, depressive and functional symptoms: comparison between fibromyalgia and major depression. Clin Rheumatol. 1997 Jan. 16(1):76-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

77. Hoffman DL, Dukes EM. The health status burden of people with fibromyalgia: a review of studies that assessed health status with the SF-36 or the SF-12. Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Jan. 62(1):115-26. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

78. Hassett AL. Psychosocial aspects of fibromyalgia: psychological stress, psychiatric morbidity, and personality subgroups. 2008. pp 55-61.

79. McBeth J, Macfarlane GJ, Benjamin S, Morris S, Silman AJ. The association between tender points, psychological distress, and adverse childhood experiences: a community-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Jul. 42(7):1397-404. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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81. Pawlikowska T, Chalder T, Hirsch SR, Wallace P, Wright DJ, Wessely SC. Population based study of fatigue and psychological distress. BMJ. 1994 Mar 19. 308(6931):763-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

82. White LA, Birnbaum HG, Kaltenboeck A, et al. Employees with fibromyalgia: medical comorbidity, healthcare costs, and work loss. J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Jan. 50(1):13-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

83. Arnold LM, Crofford LJ, Mease PJ, et al. Patient perspectives on the impact of fibromyalgia. Patient Educ Couns. 2008 Oct. 73(1):114-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

84. Vincent A, Lahr BD, Wolfe F, et al. Prevalence of fibromyalgia: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 May. 65(5):786-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

85. Branco JC, Bannwarth B, Failde I, et al. Prevalence of fibromyalgia: a survey in five European countries. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jun. 39(6):448-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

86. Guermazi M, Ghroubi S, Sellami M, et al. [Fibromyalgia prevalence in Tunisia]. Tunis Med. 2008 Sep. 86(9):806-11. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

87. White KP, Speechley M, Harth M, Ostbye T. The London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study: the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in London, Ontario. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jul. 26(7):1570-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

88. Assumpção A, Cavalcante AB, Capela CE, et al. Prevalence of fibromyalgia in a low socioeconomic status population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009 Jun 8. 10:64. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

89. Santos AM, Burti JS, Lopes JB, Scazufca M, Marques AP, Pereira RM. Prevalence of fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain in community-dwelling elderly subjects living in São Paulo, Brazil. Maturitas. 2010 Nov. 67(3):251-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

90. Gansky SA, Plesh O. Widespread pain and fibromyalgia in a biracial cohort of young women. J Rheumatol. 2007 Apr. 34(4):810-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

91. Neumann L, Buskila D. Ethnocultural and educational differences in Israeli women correlate with pain perception in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1998 Jul. 25(7):1369-73. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

92. Felson DT. Comparing the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in China with the rest of the world. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008. 10(1):106. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

93. Ferrari R, Russell AS. A questionnaire using the modified 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia: specificity and sensitivity in clinical practice. J Rheumatol. 2013 Sep. 40(9):1590-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

94. Michels H, Gerhold K, Hafner R, et al. [Juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome]. Schmerz. 2008 Jun. 22(3):339-48. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

95. Palstam A, Bjersing JL, Mannerkorpi K. Which aspects of health differ between working and nonworking women with fibromyalgia? A cross-sectional study of work status and health. BMC Public Health. 2012 Dec 14. 12:1076. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

96. Turk DC, Okifuji A, Sinclair JD, et al. Pain, disability, and physical functioning in subgroups of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1996 Jul. 23(7):1255-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

97. Turk DC, Okifuji A, Sinclair JD, et al. Differential responses by psychosocial subgroups of fibromyalgia syndrome patients to an interdisciplinary treatment. Arthritis Care Res. 1998 Oct. 11(5):397-404. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

98. Dreyer L, Kendall S, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Bartels EM, Bliddal H. Mortality in a cohort of Danish patients with fibromyalgia: increased frequency of suicide. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Oct. 62(10):3101-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

99. Stephens RJ, Hopwood P, Girling DJ, Machin D. Randomized trials with quality of life endpoints: are doctors' ratings of patients' physical symptoms interchangeable with patients' self-ratings?. Qual Life Res. 1997 Apr. 6(3):225-36. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

100. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2011 Jun. 38(6):1113-22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

101. Okifuji A, Turk DC, Sinclair JD, Starz TW, Marcus DA. A standardized manual tender point survey. I. Development and determination of a threshold point for the identification of positive tender points in fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1997 Feb. 24(2):377-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

102. Fan A, Tournadre A, Pereira B, Tatar Z, Couderc M, Malochet-Guinamand S, et al. Performance of Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST) to detect fibromyalgia syndrome in rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jun 15. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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106. Wood PB. Treating comorbidities in fibromyalgia. Pain Pract. 2008. 18(1):pp 42-53.

107. Turk DC, Vierck CJ, Scarbrough E, et al. Fibromyalgia: combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to treating the person, not just the pain. J Pain. 2008 Feb. 9(2):99-104. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

108. Staud R. Treatment of fibromyalgia and its symptoms. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Aug. 8(11):1629-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

109. Sarzi-Puttini P, Buskila D, Carrabba M, et al. Treatment strategy in fibromyalgia syndrome: where are we now?. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jun. 37(6):353-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

110. Carville SF, Arendt-Nielsen S, Bliddal H, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008 Apr. 67(4):536-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

111. Goldenberg DL. Pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jun. 21(3):499-511. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

112. Goldenberg DL. Multidisciplinary modalities in the treatment of fibromyalgia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008. 69 Suppl 2:30-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

113. Burckhardt CS. Multidisciplinary approaches for management of fibromyalgia. Curr Pharm Des. 2006. 12(1):59-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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115. Benca RM, Ancoli-Israel S, Moldofsky H. Special considerations in insomnia diagnosis and management: depressed, elderly, and chronic pain populations. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004. 65 Suppl 8:26-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

116. Bigatti SM, Hernandez AM, Cronan TA, et al. Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to pain and depression. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Jul 15. 59(7):961-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

117. Moldofsky H. The significance, assessment, and management of nonrestorative sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome. CNS Spectr. 2008 Mar. 13(3 Suppl 5):22-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

118. Cheng YC, Hsiao CY, Su MI, Chiu CC, Huang YC, Huang WL. Treating fibromyalgia with electrical neuromodulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2023 Apr. 148:17-28. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

119. Stephens S, Feldman BM, Bradley N, Schneiderman J, Wright V, Singh-Grewal D, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program in children with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Oct 15. 59(10):1399-406. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

120. Kashikar-Zuck S, Cunningham N, Sil S, Bromberg MH, Lynch-Jordan AM, Strotman D, et al. Long-term outcomes of adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia in early adulthood. Pediatrics. 2014 Mar. 133(3):e592-600. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

121. Kelly J. Teenagers With Fibromyalgia Unlikely to 'Outgrow' the Pain. Medscape Medical News. Available at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/821275. Accessed: March 1, 2014.

122. Upadhyaya HP, Arnold LM, Alaka K, Qiao M, Williams D, Mehta R. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine versus placebo in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: results from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019 May 28. 17 (1):27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

123. Thieme K, Flor H, Turk DC. Psychological pain treatment in fibromyalgia syndrome: efficacy of operant behavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006. 8(4):R121. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

124. Thieme K, Turk DC, Flor H. Responder criteria for operant and cognitive-behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Jun 15. 57(5):830-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

125. Häuser W, Bernardy K, Uçeyler N, Sommer C. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome with antidepressants: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009 Jan 14. 301(2):198-209. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

126. Arnold LM, Sarzi-Puttini P, Arsenault P, Khan T, Bhadra Brown P, Clair A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin in Patients with Fibromyalgia and Comorbid Depression Taking Concurrent Antidepressant Medication: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study. J Rheumatol. 2015 Jul. 42 (7):1237-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

127. Jones KD, Adams D, Winters-Stone K, Burckhardt CS. A comprehensive review of 46 exercise treatment studies in fibromyalgia (1988-2005). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006 Sep 25. 4:67. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

128. Busch AJ, Schachter CL, Overend TJ, et al. Exercise for fibromyalgia: a systematic review. J Rheumatol. 2008 Jun. 35(6):1130-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

129. Munguía-Izquierdo D, Legaz-Arrese A. Assessment of the effects of aquatic therapy on global symptomatology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Dec. 89(12):2250-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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Chad S Boomershine, MD, PhD, CPI, CPT Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Principal Investigator, Clinical Research Solutions; Medical Director, Boomershine Wellness Centers, Elite Healthcare Alliance, Platinum Medical Group, and Spectrum Pain Clinic

Chad S Boomershine, MD, PhD, CPI, CPT is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association

Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Pfizer;<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Pfizer;.

Herbert S Diamond, MD Visiting Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center; Chairman Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Western Pennsylvania Hospital

Herbert S Diamond, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association, Phi Beta Kappa

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lawrence H Brent, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Chair, Program Director, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein Medical Center

Lawrence H Brent, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Physicians, and American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Genentech Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genentech Grant/research funds Other; Amgen Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Abbott Immunology Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Takeda Honoraria Speaking and teaching; UCB Speaking and teaching; Omnicare Consulting fee Consulting; Centocor Consulting fee Consulting

Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for the Advancement of Women's Health and Division of Rheumatology, Director, Rheumatology Training Program, University of Kentucky College of Medicine

Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians and American College of Rheumatology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

John Buckner Winfield, MD Herman and Louise Smith Distinguished Professor of Medicine in Arthritis Emeritus, Department of Medicine, Senior Member, Neurosensory Disorders Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Consulting Rheumatologist, Appalachian Regional Rheumatology

John Buckner Winfield, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Immunologists, American Clinical and Climatological Association, American College of Rheumatology, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Pain Society, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Association of American Physicians, and North Carolina Medical Society

Disclosure: Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Forest Honoraria Speaking and teaching

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