Overview
What is calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What are the common presentations of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the prognosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What causes calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of genetics in the etiology of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the prevalence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) in the US?
What comorbidities are associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
Presentation
What are presentations of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
Which physical findings are characteristic of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What are complications of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
DDX
How is septic arthritis differentiated from calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
How is Gitelman syndrome differentiated from calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What are the differential diagnoses for Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease?
Workup
What are the diagnostic criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
How is chronic arthritis differentiated from calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What are criteria-based categories of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of arthrocentesis in the workup of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What are the histologic features of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of lab studies in the workup of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of radiography in the workup of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of MRI in the workup of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
Treatment
What are the treatment options for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
What is the role of drug treatment for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
Medications
Which medications are used in the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD)?
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Radiograph of the knee showing chondrocalcinosis involving the meniscal cartilage, as well as evidence of osteoarthritis.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Radiograph of the wrist and hand showing chondrocalcinosis of the articular disc of the wrist and atypical osteoarthritis involving the metacarpophalangeal joints in a patient with underlying hemochromatosis.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Appearance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals obtained from the knee of a patient with pseudogout. The crystals are rhomboid-shaped with weakly positive birefringence, as seen by compensated polarized microscopy. The black arrow indicates the direction of the compensator.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. High-powered view of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals with compensated polarized microscopy. The black arrow indicates the direction of the compensator. Crystals parallel to the compensator are blue, while those perpendicular to the compensator are yellow.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. High-powered view of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals with compensated polarized microscopy. The crystals parallel to the compensator were blue, while those perpendicular to the compensator were yellow. However, the crystals have been rotated 90%, resulting in a color change in both of them. The direction of the compensator was not changed and is indicated by the black arrow.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Ultrasonography of the wrist demonstrates chondrocalcinosis.
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Intraoperative photographs demonstrate extensive precipitate deposition of the calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the articular cartilage, meniscus, and synovium of a knee. Left images depict femoral and tibial surfaces. Right images depict anterior cruciate ligament.
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Intraoperative photographs demonstrate extensive precipitate deposition of the calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the articular cartilage, meniscus, and synovium of a knee. Upper left image depicts anterior horn medial meniscus. Lower left image depicts undersurface of meniscus. Upper right image depicts medial femoral condyle. Lower right image depicts synovium.
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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Ultrasound scan of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist shows thin hyperechoic bands parallel to the surface of the hyaline cartilage. Other findings include a punctate pattern consisting of several hyperechoic spots and homogeneous hyperechoic nodular or oval deposits in the articular surface.