Overview
How is Takayasu arteritis classified?
What are the signs and symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
Which medications are used in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the historical background of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the pathophysiology of Takayasu arteritis?
What causes Takayasu arteritis?
What causes acute inflammation in the pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of histocompatibility complexes in the pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of M tuberculosis in the etiology of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of CD3+ T cells and IgG antibodies in the etiology of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of genetics in the etiology of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of CD36 deficiency (CD36d) in the etiology of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the prevalence of Takayasu arteritis in the US?
What is the global prevalence of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the racial predilections of Takayasu arteritis?
How does the incidence of Takayasu arteritis vary by sex?
How does the incidence of Takayasu arteritis vary by age?
What is the prognosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What are possible complications of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the mortality rates of Takayasu arteritis?
What is included in the patient education about Takayasu arteritis?
Presentation
Which clinical history is characteristic of Takayasu arteritis?
What are general symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the cardiovascular symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
What are neurologic symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
What are dermatologic symptoms of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis?
How is Takayasu arteritis staged?
What is the presentation and progression of Takayasu arteritis in pregnancy?
What should be the focus of physical exam for Takayasu arteritis?
Which physical findings are characteristic of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the less common physical findings of Takayasu arteritis?
DDX
What are conditions to consider in the differential diagnoses of Takayasu arteritis?
How is Takayasu arteritis differentiated from giant cell (temporal) arteritis?
What are the differential diagnoses for Takayasu Arteritis?
Workup
What is the role of lab testing in the workup of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of imaging in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the Ishikawa diagnostic criteria for Takayasu arteritis?
How is disease activity assessed in Takayasu arteritis?
What is a possible biomarker for disease activity in Takayasu arteritis?
Which scores are used to determine disease activity in Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of imaging in the assessment of disease activity in Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of angiography in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of ultrasonography in the workup of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of CT scanning in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of PET scanning in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of tissue biopsy in the workup of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the histopathologic characterization of Takayasu arteritis?
What are the histologic features suggestive of Takayasu arteritis in the early phase?
What are the histologic features of suggestive of Takayasu arteritis in the vasoocclusive stage?
Treatment
Which factors affect the medical management of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of tocilizumab in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of rituximab in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of cytotoxic agents in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of anti-TNF agents in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
Which cardiovascular procedures may be indicated in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
How are cardiovascular risk factors managed in Takayasu arteritis?
How is Takayasu arteritis managed during pregnancy?
When is inpatient care indicated in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
Which dietary and activity modifications are beneficial in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
Which specialist consultations may be beneficial in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is the role of bypass graft surgery in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
What is included in the long-term monitoring of Takayasu arteritis?
Medications
Which medications are used in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis?
Which medications in the drug class Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of Takayasu Arteritis?
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Takayasu arteritis. Complete occlusion of the left common carotid artery in a 48-year-old woman with Takayasu disease. Also note narrowing of the origin of the right subclavian artery and a narrowed small vessel with subsequent aneurysmal dilatation on the right side. Image courtesy of Robert Cirillo, MD.
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Takayasu arteritis. Characteristic long, tapered narrowing of the distal aorta and iliac vessels. Image courtesy of Robert Cirillo, MD.
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Takayasu arteritis. Image obtained in the same patient as in Image 2 reveals narrowing of the proximal descending aorta and right brachiocephalic artery. Image courtesy of Robert Cirillo, MD.
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Takayasu arteritis. Aortogram of a 15-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis. Note large aneurysms of descending aorta and dilatation of innominate artery. Image courtesy of Christine Hom, MD.
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Takayasu arteritis. MRI of thorax of 15-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis. Note aneurysms of descending aorta. Image courtesy of Christine Hom, MD.
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Takayasu arteritis. Coronal MRI of abdomen of 15-year-old girl with Takayasu arteritis. Note thickening and tortuosity of abdominal aorta proximal to kidneys. Image courtesy of Christine Hom, MD.