Microscopic Polyangiitis Questions & Answers

1. Hashmi MF, Jain V, Tiwari V. Microscopic Polyangiitis. 2023 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. Chung SA, Seo P. Microscopic polyangiitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Aug. 36 (3):545-58. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Berti A, Cornec D, Dua AB. Treatment Approaches to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2023 Aug. 49 (3):545-561. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Fries JF, Hunder GG, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Summary. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug. 33(8):1135-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Feb. 37(2):187-92. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Lightfoot RW, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug. 33(8):1088-93. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Jennette JC. Overview of the 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013 Oct. 17 (5):603-606. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

8. [Guideline] Suppiah R, Robson JC, Grayson PC, Ponte C, Craven A, Khalid S, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for microscopic polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Mar. 81 (3):321-326. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Seligman VA, Bolton PB, Sanchez HC, Fye KH. Propylthiouracil-induced microscopic polyangiitis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2001 Jun. 7(3):170-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Amezcua-Guerra LM, Prieto P, Bojalil R, Pineda C, Amigo MC. Microscopic polyangiitis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: a causal or casual association?. J Rheumatol. 2006 Nov. 33(11):2351-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Kuwabara G, Yamada K, Tanaka K, Nozuchi S, Imoto W, Shibata W, et al. Muscle Biopsy-proven Drug-induced Microscopic Polyangiitis in a Patient with Tuberculosis. Intern Med. 2023 Jan 1. 62 (1):129-133. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

12. Berti A, Cornec D, Crowson CS, Specks U, Matteson EL. The Epidemiology of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Vasculitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: A Twenty-Year US Population-Based Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Dec. 69 (12):2338-2350. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

13. Rathmann J, Segelmark M, Englund M, Mohammad AJ. Stable incidence but increase in prevalence of ANCA-associated vasculitis in southern Sweden: a 23-year study. RMD Open. 2023 Mar. 9 (1):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

14. Hellmich B, Lamprecht P, Spearpoint P, Götte D, Deichmann A, Buchholz I, et al. New insights into the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitides in Germany: results from a claims data study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Oct 2. 60 (10):4868-4873. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Oh YJ, Ahn SS, Park ES, Jung SM, Song JJ, Park YB, et al. Chest and renal involvements, Birmingham vascular activity score more than 13.5 and five factor score (1996) more than 1 at diagnosis are significant predictors of relapse of microscopic polyangiitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 Jan 19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Robson J, Doll H, Suppiah R, Flossmann O, Harper L, Höglund P, et al. Glucocorticoid treatment and damage in the anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides: long-term data from the European Vasculitis Study Group trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Sep 8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Hassan TM, Hassan AS, Igoe A, Logan M, Gunaratnam C, McElvaney NG, et al. Lung involvement at presentation predicts disease activity and permanent organ damage at 6, 12 and 24 months follow - up in ANCA - associated vasculitis. BMC Immunol. 2014 May 27. 15:20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Suppiah R, Judge A, Batra R, Flossmann O, Harper L, Höglund P, et al. A model to predict cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jan 14. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Samson M, Devilliers H, Thietart S, Charles P, Pagnoux C, Cohen P, et al. Score to assess the probability of relapse in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. RMD Open. 2023 Mar. 9 (1):[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

20. Massicotte-Azarniouch D, Herrera CA, Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Free ME. Mechanisms of vascular damage in ANCA vasculitis. Semin Immunopathol. 2022 May. 44 (3):325-345. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

21. Gibson LE. Cutaneous manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV): a concise review with emphasis on clinical and histopathologic correlation. Int J Dermatol. 2022 Dec. 61 (12):1442-1451. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Hervier B, Durant C, Masseau A, Ponge T, Hamidou M, Mussini JM. Use of muscle biopsies for diagnosis of systemic vasculitides. J Rheumatol. 2011 Mar. 38(3):470-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Crickx E, Machelart I, Lazaro E, et al. Intravenous Immunoglobulin as an Immunomodulating Agent in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitides: A French Nationwide Study of Ninety-Two Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Mar. 68 (3):702-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Walsh M, et al; PEXIVAS Investigators. Plasma Exchange and Glucocorticoids in Severe ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 13. 382 (7):622-631. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. [Guideline] Chung SA, Langford CA, Maz M, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Aug. 73 (8):1088-1105. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

26. Little MA, Nightingale P, Verburgh CA, Hauser T, De Groot K, Savage C, et al. Early mortality in systemic vasculitis: relative contribution of adverse events and active vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jun. 69 (6):1036-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Jayne DRW, Merkel PA, Schall TJ, Bekker P, ADVOCATE Study Group. Avacopan for the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 18. 384 (7):599-609. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. [Guideline] Hellmich B, Sanchez-Alamo B, Schirmer JH, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Mar 16. 28 (9):2756-2767. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

29. Gabilan C, Pfirmann P, Ribes D, Rigothier C, Chauveau D, Casemayou A, et al. Avacopan as First-Line Treatment in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Steroid-Sparing Option. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 May. 7 (5):1115-1118. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

30. Springer JM, Kalot MA, Husainat NM, Byram KW, Dua AB, James KE, et al. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021 Mar. 3 (3):196-205. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

31. Faurschou M, Westman K, Rasmussen N, de Groot K, Flossmann O, Höglund P, et al. Brief Report: long-term outcome of a randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate to cyclophosphamide for remission induction in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Oct. 64 (10):3472-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

32. Langford CA, Hoffman GS. Methotrexate remains a valuable option for remission induction of nonsevere antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: comment on the article by Faurschou et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Mar. 65 (3):843. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

33. Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15. 363(3):221-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

34. Jayne D, Rasmussen N, Andrassy K, et al. A randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 3. 349(1):36-44. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Hamidou MA, Boffa JJ, Ruivard M, Ducroix JP, et al. Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2008 Dec 25. 359 (26):2790-803. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

36. Puéchal X, Pagnoux C, Perrodeau É, et al. Long-Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission-Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's) or Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Mar. 68 (3):690-701. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Specks U, Merkel PA, Seo P, Spiera R, Langford CA, Hoffman GS, et al. Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 1. 369(5):417-27. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

38. Terrier B et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Long-term efficacy of remission-maintenance regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May 3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

39. Charles P et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Comparison of individually tailored versus fixed-schedule rituximab regimen to maintain ANCA-associated vasculitis remission: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled, phase III trial (MAINRITSAN2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr 25. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

40. Merkel PA, Niles JL, Mertz LE, Lehane PB, Pordeli P, Erblang F. Long-Term Safety of Rituximab in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and in Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Sep. 73 (9):1372-1378. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

41. Reinhold-Keller E, De Groot K, Rudert H, Nölle B, Heller M, Gross WL. Response to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in Wegener's granulomatosis depends on the phase of disease. QJM. 1996 Jan. 89(1):15-23. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Stegeman CA, Tervaert JW, de Jong PE, Kallenberg CG. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener's granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 4. 335(1):16-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

43. Langford CA, Talar-Williams C, Sneller MC. Mycophenolate mofetil for remission maintenance in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr 15. 51(2):278-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

44. Nowack R, Göbel U, Klooker P, Hergesell O, Andrassy K, van der Woude FJ. Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis: a pilot study in 11 patients with renal involvement. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999 Sep. 10(9):1965-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

45. Iatrou C, Zerbala S, Revela I, Spanou E, Marinaki S, Nakopoulou L, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil as maintenance therapy in patients with vasculitis and renal involvement. Clin Nephrol. 2009 Jul. 72(1):31-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

46. Haubitz M, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R. Cyclosporin for the prevention of disease reactivation in relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Aug. 13 (8):2074-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

47. Terrier B, Saadoun D, Sène D, Ghillani P, Amoura Z, Deray G, et al. Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies are a useful marker of disease activity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Oct. 68(10):1564-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

48. Watanabe H et al, for Japan Research Committee of the Ministry of Health Labour,Welfare for Intractable Vasculitis (JPVAS) Research Committee of Intractable Renal Disease of the Ministry of Health Labour, Welfare of Japan. Association between reappearance of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Subgroup analysis of nationwide prospective cohort studies. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 May 22. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

49. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A, Khouatra C, Aumaître O, Cohen P, et al. Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 6. 371(19):1771-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

50. Falk RJ, Hogan S, Carey TS, Jennette JC. Clinical course of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Nov 1. 113(9):656-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

51. Haubitz M, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R. Cyclosporin for the prevention of disease reactivation in relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Aug. 13(8):2074-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

52. Jayne D. Review article: Progress of treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2009 Feb. 14(1):42-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

53. Lane SE, Watts RA, Shepstone L, Scott DG. Primary systemic vasculitis: clinical features and mortality. QJM. 2005 Feb. 98(2):97-111. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Mehran Farid-Moayer, MD Adjunct Clinical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Clinic, Stanford Medical Center

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Spencer T Lowe, MD Rheumatologist, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, Sutter Health

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