Tracheomalacia Questions & Answers

1. Yang D, Cascella M. Tracheomalacia. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2022. [Full Text].

2. Beasley SW, Qi BQ. Understanding tracheomalacia. J Paediatr Child Health. 1998 Jun. 34 (3):209-10. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, Ernst A. Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest. 2005 Mar. 127 (3):984-1005. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Gaissert HA, Burns J. The compromised airway: tumors, strictures, and tracheomalacia. Surg Clin North Am. 2010 Oct. 90 (5):1065-89. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Fahy AS, Chiu PPL. Airway Clearance in Tracheomalacia. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2021 Jun. 30 (3):151061. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

6. Antón-Pacheco JL, García-Hernández G, Villafruela MA. The management of tracheobronchial obstruction in children. Minerva Pediatr. 2009 Feb. 61 (1):39-52. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Adliff M, Ngato D, Keshavjee S, Brenaman S, Granton JT. Treatment of diffuse tracheomalacia secondary to relapsing polychondritis with continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 1997 Dec. 112 (6):1701-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Jaquiss RD. Management of pediatric tracheal stenosis and tracheomalacia. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Fall. 16 (3):220-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Boogaard R, Huijsmans SH, Pijnenburg MW, Tiddens HA, de Jongste JC, Merkus PJ. Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children: incidence and patient characteristics. Chest. 2005 Nov. 128 (5):3391-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Sanchez MO, Greer MC, Masters IB, Chang AB. A comparison of fluoroscopic airway screening with flexible bronchoscopy for diagnosing tracheomalacia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012 Jan. 47 (1):63-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Kamran A, Zendejas B, Jennings RW. Current concepts in tracheobronchomalacia: diagnosis and treatment. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2021 Jun. 30 (3):151062. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Baroni RH, Feller-Kopman D, Nishino M, Hatabu H, Loring SH, Ernst A, et al. Tracheobronchomalacia: comparison between end-expiratory and dynamic expiratory CT for evaluation of central airway collapse. Radiology. 2005 May. 235 (2):635-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. McNamara VM, Crabbe DC. Tracheomalacia. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2004 Jun. 5 (2):147-54. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Collard P, Freitag L, Reynaert MS, Rodenstein DO, Francis C. Respiratory failure due to tracheobronchomalacia. Thorax. 1996 Feb. 51 (2):224-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Fayon M, Donato L, de Blic J, Labbé A, Becmeur F, Mely L, et al. French experience of silicone tracheobronchial stenting in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005 Jan. 39 (1):21-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Greenholz SK, Karrer FM, Lilly JR. Contemporary surgery of tracheomalacia. J Pediatr Surg. 1986 Jun. 21 (6):511-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Kikuchi S, Kashino R, Hirama T, Kobayashi H, Abe T. Successful treatment of tracheomalacia associated with esophageal atresia without a tracheoesophageal fistula by aortopexy: report of a case. Surg Today. 1999. 29 (4):344-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Sandu K, Monnier Y, Hurni M, Bernath MA, Monnier P, Wang Y, et al. Repair of tracheomalacia with inflammatory defect and mediastinitis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 Jan. 91 (1):e14-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Gotway MB, Golden JA, LaBerge JM, Webb WR, Reddy GP, Wilson MW, et al. Benign tracheobronchial stenoses: changes in short-term and long-term pulmonary function testing after expandable metallic stent placement. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2002 Jul-Aug. 26 (4):564-72. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Dave S, Currie BG. The role of aortopexy in severe tracheomalacia. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Mar. 41 (3):533-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. Kamran A, Hamilton TE, Zendejas B, Nath B, Jennings RW, Smithers CJ. Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for Posterior Tracheopexy to Treat Severe Tracheomalacia: Lessons Learned from Initial Case Series. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2018 Dec. 28 (12):1525-1530. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Tytgat SHAJ, van Herwaarden-Lindeboom MYA, van Tuyll van Serooskerken ES, van der Zee DC. Thoracoscopic posterior tracheopexy during primary esophageal atresia repair: a new approach to prevent tracheomalacia complications. J Pediatr Surg. 2018 Jul. 53 (7):1420-1423. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Wright CD. Tracheomalacia. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2003 May. 13 (2):349-57, viii. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Zinman R. Tracheal stenting improves airway mechanics in infants with tracheobronchomalacia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995 May. 19 (5):275-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Daniel S Schwartz, MD, MBA, FACS Medical Director of Thoracic Oncology, St Catherine of Siena Medical Center, Catholic Health Services

Daniel S Schwartz, MD, MBA, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Western Thoracic Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital, Canada

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, World Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Shreekanth V Karwande, MBBS Chair, Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine and Medical Center

Shreekanth V Karwande, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Heart Association, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Western Thoracic Surgical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD, MMM

Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD, MMM is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Surgical Association, Phi Beta Kappa, Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Richard Thurer, MD B and Donald Carlin Professor of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine

Richard Thurer, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, Florida Medical Association, Society of Surgical Oncology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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