Overview
What are struvite and staghorn calculi?
When were struvite and staghorn calculi first identified?
What is the role of urinary tract infection in the etiology of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the prevalence of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Which gram-positive bacteria cause struvite and staghorn calculi?
Which gram-negative bacteria cause struvite and staghorn calculi?
Which yeasts cause struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the pathophysiology of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Which clinical history findings are characteristic of struvite and staghorn calculi?
When is surgery indicated for the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the renal anatomy relevant to struvite and staghorn calculi?
What are contraindications for surgical removal of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Workup
What is the role of lab tests in the preoperative workup of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the role of imaging studies in the preoperative workup of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Treatment
How are struvite and staghorn calculi treated?
What is the role of urease inhibitors in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the role of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Which dietary modifications are used in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is the role of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What are the general surgical principles for struvite and staghorn calculi removal?
What are the AUA/ES guidelines on use of PNL for struvite and staghorn calculi treatment?
When is an open procedure indicated for removal of struvite and staghorn calculi?
How is surgery performed for the removal of struvite and staghorn calculi?
What is included in the postoperative monitoring following struvite and staghorn calculi removal?
What is included in long-term monitoring following struvite and staghorn calculi removal?
What are the possible complications of struvite and staghorn calculi treatment?
What is the efficacy of struvite and staghorn calculi surgery?
Which aspects of struvite and staghorn calculi treatment require further study?
Guidelines
What are the AUA/ES guidelines on the surgical management of struvite and staghorn calculi?
Medications
What is the role of medications in the treatment of struvite and staghorn calculi?
-
Struvite and staghorn calculi. Plain abdominal radiograph demonstrating a right staghorn calculus and a smaller left renal pelvic stone. The patient is a 72-year-old woman.
-
Struvite and staghorn calculi. Plain abdominal radiograph of a 72-year-old woman. She underwent right percutaneous nephrolithotomy, with the path of renal access demonstrated by the remaining nephrostomy tube. She was rendered stone free in the single-session procedure.