Author
George M Ghareeb, MD Resident Physician, Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
James A Brown, MD, FACS Professor of Urology, Residency Program Director, Medical Director, Department of Urology, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Andersen-Hebbeln Professor of Prostate Cancer Research, University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine
James A Brown, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Society for Basic Urologic Research, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Society of University Urologists, Society of Urologic Oncology, American Association of Clinical Urologists, Society of Government Service Urologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Specialty Editor Board
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.
Chief Editor
Bradley Fields Schwartz, DO, FACS Professor of Urology, Director, Center for Laparoscopy and Endourology, Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Bradley Fields Schwartz, DO, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, Endourological Society, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Society of University Urologists
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant or trustee for: Endourological Society Board of Directors; President Elect North Central Section of the American Urological Association<br/>Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Cook Medical.
Additional Contributors
Michael Grasso, III, MD Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Urology, New York Medical College; Director, Living Related Kidney Transplantation, Westchester Medical Center; Director of Endourology, Lenox Hill Hospital
Michael Grasso, III, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Urological Association, Endourological Society, International Society of Urology, Medical Society of the State of New York, National Kidney Foundation, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
Disclosure: Received consulting fee from Karl Storz Endoscopy for consulting.
Jeffrey M Donohoe, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Children’s Medical Center, Medical College of Georgia
Jeffrey M Donohoe, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Urological Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Sisir Botta, MD Resident Physician, Department of Urology, Medical College of Georgia
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Subbarao V Cherukuri, MD Consulting Staff, Department of Urology, St Joseph Regional Health Center
Subbarao V Cherukuri, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association and Ohio State Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgments
Medscape Reference thanks Dennis G Lusaya, MD, Associate Professor II, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Santo Tomas; Head of Urology Unit, Benavides Cancer Institute, University of Santo Tomas Hospital; Chief of Urologic Oncology, St Luke’s Medical Center Global City, Philippines, for the video contribution to this article.
Medscape Reference also thanks Edgar V Lerma, MD, FACP, FASN, FAHA, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine; Research Director, Internal Medicine Training Program, Advocate Christ Medical Center; Consulting Staff, Associates in Nephrology, SC, for his assistance with the video contribution to this article.
