Overview
What are the complications of ureteral injury due to gynecologic surgery?
When was the earliest report of ureteral injuries in gynecologic surgery?
How is iatrogenic ureteral injury defined?
What is the prevalence of ureteral injury during gynecologic surgery?
What are the most common causes of operative ureteral injury?
Which factors increase the risk of ureteral injury during gynecologic surgery?
What is the pathophysiology of ureteral injury?
Under what conditions will a ureteral injury spontaneously heal?
What is the role of hydronephrosis in the pathophysiology of ureteral injury?
What is the role of necrosis with urinary extravasation in the pathophysiology of ureteral injury?
What is the role of stricture in the pathophysiology of ureteral injury?
What is the role of uremia in the pathophysiology of ureteral injury?
How are iatrogenic ureteral injuries detected during gynecologic surgery?
What are the signs and symptoms iatrogenic ureteral injury following gynecologic surgery?
What are the indications for ureteral injury evaluation following gynecologic surgery?
What is the anatomy of the renal system and pelvis relevant to ureteral injury?
When is immediate operative repair contraindicated for ureteral injuries?
Workup
What is the role of lab testing in the workup of ureteral injuries in gynecologic surgery?
What is the role of imaging studies in the workup of ureteral injuries in gynecologic surgery?
What is the role of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube in the management of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of histology in the diagnosis of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
Treatment
What is the role of medications in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of surgery in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of observation in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of stenting in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of ureterotomy in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of transureteroureterostomy of in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is the role of ureteroureterostomy of in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
What is included in preoperative care for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is stent placement performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is ureterotomy performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is ureteroureterostomy performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is transureteroureterostomy performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is a psoas hitch performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
How is a Boari flap performed for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
What is included in postoperative care following iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
What is included in the follow-up care after iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
What causes excess drainage following iatrogenic ureteral injury repair and how is it treated?
How are UTIs treated following iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
What causes obstruction or reflux iatrogenic ureteral injury repair and how is it treated?
What are the possible complications of Boari flaps?
What are the reported outcomes for iatrogenic ureteral injury repair?
What is the role of subintestinal submucosa (SIS) in the treatment of iatrogenic ureteral injury?
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An illustration of the blood supply to the ureter running within the adventitial layer.
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Relevant anatomy of the ureter, illustrating its course from the renal pelvis to the bladder. Note the ureter's proximity at the pelvic brim to the infundibulopelvic ligament.
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Relevant anatomy of the ureter. Notice the proximity of the ureter to the uterine vessels at the level of the cervix. Most ureteral injuries following gynecologic surgery occur in this area.
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An illustration of the shape and configuration of a Boari flap.