Overview
What are conditions of excess thyroid hormone?
What is the pathophysiology of conditions of excess thyroid hormone?
What is the incidence of hyperthyroidism?
What is the incidence of thyroid storm?
What is the mortality risk from thyroid storm and morbidity risk in hyperthyroidism?
What is the racial predilections of hyperthyroidism?
How does the incidence of hyperthyroidism vary by sex?
How does the incidence of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease vary by age?
Presentation
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm?
Which physical findings are characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
What are autoimmune etiologies of hyperthyroidism?
What are drug-induced etiologies of hyperthyroidism?
What are infectious etiologies of hyperthyroidism?
What is the role of toxic multinodular goiter in the etiology of hyperthyroidism?
What are iatrogenic etiologies of hyperthyroidism?
What is the role of tumors in the etiology of hyperthyroidism?
What are events that may trigger thyroid storm?
DDX
What are the differential diagnoses for Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, and Graves Disease?
Workup
Which lab studies are performed in the workup of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
Which findings on electrocardiogram suggest hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
Treatment
How is thyrotoxicosis managed in the emergency department (ED)?
What are treatment options for medication-induced thyroid storm?
Guidelines
What do the ATA and AACE (2011) treatment guidelines for thyrotoxicosis cover?
Medications
What are the goals of medical therapy for hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
Which medications are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
Follow-up
What outpatient followup is needed for hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
What is included in inpatient care of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
When is transfer indicated for patients with hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
What are the complications of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
What is the prognosis of hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?
What is included in patient education about hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and Graves disease?