Rattlesnake Envenomation Differential Diagnoses

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19. McBride KM, Bromberg W, Dunne J. Thromboelastography Utilization in Delayed Recurrent Coagulopathy after Severe Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake Envenomation. Am Surg. 2017 Apr 1. 83 (4):332-336. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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22. Bush SP. Snakebite suction devices don't remove venom: they just suck. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Feb. 43(2):187-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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24. Bush SP, Green SM, Laack TA, Hayes WK, Cardwell MD, Tanen DA. Pressure immobilization delays mortality and increases intracompartmental pressure after artificial intramuscular rattlesnake envenomation in a porcine model. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Dec. 44(6):599-604. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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32. Trautman W, Pizon A. Severe, persistent thrombocytopenia in Crotalus horridus envenomation despite antivenom: A retrospective review. Toxicon. 2023 Mar 1. 224:107029. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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34. Guisto JA. Severe toxicity from crotalid envenomation after early resolution of symptoms. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Sep. 26(3):387-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Offerman SR, Bush SP, Moynihan JA, Clark RF. Crotaline Fab antivenom for the treatment of children with rattlesnake envenomation. Pediatrics. 2002 Nov. 110(5):968-71. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Premawardhena AP, de Silva CE, Fonseka MM, Gunatilake SB, de Silva HJ. Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes: randomised, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 1999 Apr 17. 318(7190):1041-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Sean P Bush, MD, FACEP Professor of Emergency Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University

Sean P Bush, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, International Society on Toxicology, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD Regional Director of Pharmacy, Sacred Heart and St Joseph's Hospitals

John T VanDeVoort, PharmD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James Steven Walker, DO, MS Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine

James Steven Walker, DO, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians, American Osteopathic Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joe Alcock, MD, MS Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Joe Alcock, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert L Norris, MD Professor Emeritus, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center

Robert L Norris, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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