Drowning Questions & Answers

1. World Health Organization. World Health Organization Global Report on Drowning. Available at http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/global_report_drowning/final_report_full_web.pdf. 2014; Accessed: July 1, 2016.

2. Szpilman D, Sempsrott J, Webber J, Hawkins SC, Barcala-Furelos R, Schmidt A, et al. 'Dry drowning' and other myths. Cleve Clin J Med. 2018 Jul. 85 (7):529-535. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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8. Garzoni C, Garbino J. Long-term risk of atypical fungal infection after near-drowning episodes. Pediatrics. 2007 Feb. 119(2):417; author reply 417-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. van Beelen ME, van Beeck EF, den Hertog P, Beirens TM, Raat H. Correlates of unsupervised bathing of infants: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 Mar 4. 10(3):856-66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Wide-ranging online data for Epidemiologic research (WONDER). Available at http://wonder.cdc.gov. July 1, 2016; Accessed: July 1, 2016.

22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars. March 21, 2019; Accessed: June 19, 2019.

23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unintentional Drowning: Get the Facts. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/HomeandRecreationalSafety/Water-Safety/waterinjuries-factsheet.html. April 28, 2016; Accessed: May 18, 2017.

24. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Reports, 1999 - 2007. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/leadcaus10.html. June 10, 2010; Accessed: May 18, 2017.

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38. Buzzacott P. DAN Annual Diving Report 2016 Edition: A report on 2014 data on diving fatalities, injuries, and incidents [Internet]. Durham (NC): Divers Alert Network. 2016. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

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41. Buzzacott P, Rosenberg M, Pikora T. Western Australian recreational scuba diving fatalities, 1992 to 2005. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009 Jun. 33 (3):212-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

42. Lippmann J, Walker D, Lawrence C, Fock A, Wodak T, Harris R, et al. Provisional report on diving-related fatalities in Australian waters 2008. Diving Hyperb Med. 2013 Mar. 43(1):16-34. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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48. Leggat PA, Wilks J. Overseas visitor deaths in Australia, 2001 to 2003. J Travel Med. 2009 Jul-Aug. 16(4):243-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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56. Citro R, Previtali M, Bossone E. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy and drowning syndrome: is there a link?. Chest. 2008 Aug. 134(2):469. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

57. Choi G, Kopplin LJ, Tester DJ, Will ML, Haglund CM, Ackerman MJ. Spectrum and frequency of cardiac channel defects in swimming-triggered arrhythmia syndromes. Circulation. 2004 Oct 12. 110(15):2119-24. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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59. Leechawengwongs M, Milindankura S, Liengudom A, Chanakul K, Viranuvatti K, Clongsusuek P. Multiple Scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses after near-drowning successfully treated with surgery and long-term voriconazole: a case report. Mycoses. 2007 Nov. 50(6):512-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

60. Mesfin FB, Tobin E, Adamo MA, Dirisio D. Fungal vertebral osteomyelitis due to Scedosporium apiospermum after near-drowning. J Neurosurg Spine. 2008 Jul. 9(1):58-61. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

61. Tadié JM, Heming N, Serve E, Weiss N, Day N, Imbert A, et al. Drowning associated pneumonia: a descriptive cohort. Resuscitation. 2012 Mar. 83(3):399-401. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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72. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul. 126(1):178-85. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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74. Fujiwara T, Barber C, Schaechter J, Hemenway D. Characteristics of infant homicides: findings from a U.S. multisite reporting system. Pediatrics. 2009 Aug. 124 (2):e210-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

75. Dias MS, Smith K, DeGuehery K, Mazur P, Li V, Shaffer ML. Preventing abusive head trauma among infants and young children: a hospital-based, parent education program. Pediatrics. 2005 Apr. 115(4):e470-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

76. Giesbrecht GG, Pretorius T. Survey of public knowledge and responses to educational slogans regarding cold-water immersion. Wilderness Environ Med. 2008 Winter. 19(4):261-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

77. United States Search and Rescue Task Force. Cold Water Survival. Available at http://www.ussartf.org/cold_water_survival.htm. Accessed: July 1, 2016.

78. Layon AJ, Modell JH. Drowning: Update 2009. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jun. 110(6):1390-401. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

79. Bell GS, Gaitatzis A, Bell CL, Johnson AL, Sander JW. Drowning in people with epilepsy: how great is the risk?. Neurology. 2008 Aug 19. 71(8):578-82. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

80. Kanchan T, Menon A, Menezes RG. Methods of choice in completed suicides: gender differences and review of literature. J Forensic Sci. 2009 Jul. 54(4):938-42. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

81. Salib E. Trends in suicide by drowning in the elderly in England and Wales 1979-2001. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Feb. 20(2):175-81. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

82. Purandare N, Voshaar RC, Rodway C, Bickley H, Burns A, Kapur N. Suicide in dementia: 9-year national clinical survey in England and Wales. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Feb. 194(2):175-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

83. Warner DS, Bierens JJ, Beerman SB, Katz LM. Drowning: a cry for help. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jun. 110(6):1211-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

84. Varon J, Acosta P. Therapeutic hypothermia: past, present, and future. Chest. 2008 May. 133(5):1267-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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87. Youn CS, Choi SP, Yim HW, Park KN. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to drowning: An Utstein Style report of 10 years of experience from St. Mary's Hospital. Resuscitation. 2009 Jul. 80(7):778-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

88. Perkins GD. In-water resuscitation: a pilot evaluation. Resuscitation. 2005 Jun. 65 (3):321-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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90. Sayre MR, Berg RA, Cave DM, Page RL, Potts J, White RD. Hands-only (compression-only) cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a call to action for bystander response to adults who experience out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest: a science advisory for the public from the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee. Circulation. 2008 Apr 22. 117(16):2162-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

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G Patricia Cantwell, MD, FCCM Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Chief, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine/ Holtz Children's Hospital, Jackson Memorial Medical Center; Medical Director, Palliative Care Team, Holtz Children's Hospital; Medical Manager, FEMA, South Florida Urban Search and Rescue, Task Force 2

G Patricia Cantwell, MD, FCCM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Trauma Society, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael J Verive, MD, FAAP Pediatrician, UP Health System Portage

Michael J Verive, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Joe Alcock, MD, MS Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Joe Alcock, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Suzanne Moore Shepherd, MD, MS, DTM&H, FACEP, FAAEM Professor of Emergency Medicine, Education Officer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Director of Education and Research, PENN Travel Medicine; Medical Director, Fast Track, Department of Emergency Medicine

Suzanne Moore Shepherd, MD, MS, DTM&H, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, International Society of Travel Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

William H Shoff, MD, DTM&H Former Director, PENN Travel Medicine; Former Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

William H Shoff, MD, DTM&H is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, International Society of Travel Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Barry J Evans, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Temple University Medical School; Director of Pediatric Critical Care and Pulmonology, Associate Chair for Pediatric Education, Temple University Children's Medical Center

Barry J Evans, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Eddy S Lang, MDCM, CCFP(EM), CSPQ Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine; Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Canada

Eddy S Lang, MDCM, CCFP(EM), CSPQ is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James Martin, MD Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert L Norris, MD Professor, Department of Surgery, Chief, Division of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center

Robert L Norris, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, California Medical Association, International Society of Toxinology, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Suzanne Moore Shepherd, MD, MS, DTM&H, FACEP, FAAEM Professor of Emergency Medicine, Education Officer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Director of Education and Research, PENN Travel Medicine; Medical Director, Fast Track, Department of Emergency Medicine

Suzanne Moore Shepherd is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, International Society of Travel Medicine, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

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