Orchitis Questions & Answers

1. Azmat CE, Vaitla P. Orchitis. 2022 Jan. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

2. Dogra V, Bhatt S. Acute painful scrotum. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004 Mar. 42(2):349-63. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

3. Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D. Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Apr 1. 79(7):583-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

4. Lane TM, Hines J. The management of mumps orchitis. BJU Int. 2006 Jan. 97(1):1-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Masarani M, Wazait H, Dinneen M. Mumps orchitis. J R Soc Med. 2006 Nov. 99(11):573-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

6. Tae BS, Ham BK, Kim JH, Park JY, Bae JH. Clinical features of mumps orchitis in vaccinated postpubertal males: a single-center series of 62 patients. Korean J Urol. 2012 Dec. 53 (12):865-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Davis NF, McGuire BB, Mahon JA, et al. The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review. BJU International. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09148.x/full. April 2010; Accessed: August 26, 2016.

8. Takeshima T, Yumura Y, Iwasaki A, Noguchi K. [Clinical Review of Hypospermatogenesis in Patients with a Previous Episode of Mumps Orchitis]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2015 Jun. 61 (6):227-33. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Garthwaite MA, Johnson G, Lloyd S, Eardley I. The implementation of European Association of Urology guidelines in the management of acute epididymo-orchitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007 Nov. 89(8):799-803. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

10. Ternavasio-de la Vega HG, Boronat M, Ojeda A, García-Delgado Y, Angel-Moreno A, Carranza-Rodríguez C, et al. Mumps orchitis in the post-vaccine era (1967-2009): a single-center series of 67 patients and review of clinical outcome and trends. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 Mar. 89(2):96-116. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Yamashita S, Umemoto H, Kohjimoto Y, Hara I. Xanthogranulomatous orchitis after blunt testicular trauma mimicking a testicular tumor: A case report and comparison with published cases. Urol J. 2017 May 23. 14 (3):3094-3096. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Gazibera B, Gojak R, Drnda A, et al. Spermiogram part of population with the manifest orchitis during an ongoing epidemic of mumps. Med Arh. 2012. 66(3 Suppl 1):27-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Corbett HJ, Simpson ET. Management of the acute scrotum in children. ANZ J Surg. 2002 Mar. 72(3):226-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. Yung CF, Ramsay M. Estimating true hospital morbidity of complications associated with mumps outbreak, England, 2004/05. Euro Surveill. 2016 Aug 18. 21 (33):[QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Orlíková H, Malý M, Lexová P, Šebestová H, Limberková R, Jurzykowská L, et al. Protective effect of vaccination against mumps complications, Czech Republic, 2007-2012. BMC Public Health. 2016 Apr 1. 16:293. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Yagil Y, Naroditsky I, Milhem J, et al. Role of Doppler ultrasonography in the triage of acute scrotum in the emergency department. J Ultrasound Med. 2010 Jan. 29(1):11-21. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. Artul S, Abu Rahmah Y, Abu Shkara H, Yamini A. Inferno: colour Doppler ultrasound sign of orchitis. BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Apr 1. 2014:[QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

18. Ngoo A, Rodriguez-Acevedo O, Carroll D, Stalewski H, Mariyappa Rathnamma B. Salmonella epididymo-orchitis presenting as acute scrotum in a 2-week-old infant. J Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Nov 8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. [Guideline] Street EJ, Justice ED, Kopa Z, Portman MD, Ross JD, Skerlev M, et al. The 2016 European guideline on the management of epididymo-orchitis. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jul. 28 (8):744-749. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

20. Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D. Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms. Front Immunol. 2021. 12:582946. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

21. [Guideline] Expert Panel on Urologic Imaging: Hartman MS, Leyendecker JR, Friedman B, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® acute onset of scrotal pain--without trauma, without antecedent mass. American College of Radiology. Available at https://acsearch.acr.org/docs/69363/Narrative/. 2014; Accessed: December 8, 2018.

22. Silva CA, Cocuzza M, Carvalho JF, Bonfá E. Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune orchitis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Apr-May. 13(4-5):431-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Akaboshi I. Elevation of Serum Levels of High-Sensitivity Procalcitonin, C-reactive Protein, and Amyloid A in a Prepubertal Child with Mumps Orchitis. Clin Lab. 2015. 61 (11):1795-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Suciu M, Serban O, Iacob G, Lucan C, Badea R. Severe Acute Epididymo-Orchitis Complicated with Abscess and Testicular Necrosis - Case Report. Ultrasound Int Open. 2017 Feb. 3 (1):E45-E47. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

25. Blaivas M, Sierzenski P, Lambert M. Emergency evaluation of patients presenting with acute scrotum using bedside ultrasonography. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Jan. 8(1):90-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

26. Schalamon J, Ainoedhofer H, Schleef J, Singer G, Haxhija EQ, Hollwarth ME. Management of acute scrotum in children--the impact of Doppler ultrasound. J Pediatr Surg. 2006 Aug. 41(8):1377-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

27. Tomich A, Grubish L, Young S, Franklin J. Immunocompetent, Immunized Male With Mumps, Complicated by Orchitis and Meningitis. Mil Med. 2015 Oct. 180 (10):e1121-2. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

28. Masarani M, Wazait H, Dinneen M. Mumps orchitis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1633545/. November 2006; Accessed: August 26, 2016.

29. Janssen KM, Willis CJ, Anderson M, Gelnett MS, Wickersham EL, Brand TC. Filariasis Orchitis-Differential for Acute Scrotum Pathology. Urol Case Rep. 2017 Jul. 13:117-119. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

30. Chu CY, Chen WY, Yeh SD, Yeh HM, Fang CL. Syphilitic orchitis mimicking a testicular tumor in a clinically occult HIV-infected young man: a case report with emphasis on a challenging pathological diagnosis. Diagn Pathol. 2016 Jan 14. 11:4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

31. Manson AL. Mumps orchitis. Urology. 1990 Oct. 36(4):355-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

32. Gift TL, Owens CJ. The direct medical cost of epididymitis and orchitis: evidence from a study of insurance claims. Sex Transm Dis. 2006 Oct. 33(10 Suppl):S84-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

33. Pal G. The effects of pegylated interferon--alpha2B on mumps orchitis. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013 Sep. 111(9):612-4, 617. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

34. Rosenstein D, McAninch JW. Urologic emergencies. Med Clin North Am. 2004 Mar. 88(2):495-518. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

35. Shafik A, El-Sibal O, Shafik I. Electro-orchidogram: a non-invasive diagnostic tool in testicular pathologies. Med Sci Monit. 2006 Aug. 12(8):MT51-5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

36. Tiemstra JD, Kapoor S. Evaluation of scrotal masses. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Nov 15. 78(10):1165-70. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

37. Walker NA, Challacombe B. Managing epididymo-orchitis in general practice. Practitioner. 2013 Apr. 257(1760):21-5, 2-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Nataisia Terry, MD Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center

Nataisia Terry, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Medical Association, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Walter W Valesky, Jr, MD Clinical Assistant Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center

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Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Richard H Sinert, DO Professor of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Research Director, State University of New York College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Vice-Chair in Charge of Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center

Richard H Sinert, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Erik D Schraga, MD Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Eric M Kardon, MD, FACEP Attending Emergency Physician, Georgia Emergency Medicine Specialists; Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine, Athens Regional Medical Center

Eric M Kardon, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American Medical Informatics Association, Medical Association of Georgia

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Mark B Mycyk, MD Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Mark B Mycyk, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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