Postpartum Infections Questions & Answers

1. Cunningham GF, Levano KJ, Gilstrap LC, et al. Puerperal Infection. Cunningham GF, Levano KJ, Bloom SL, et al, eds. Williams Obstetrics. 22nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005. 711-24.

2. Yokoe DS, Christiansen CL, Johnson R, Sandu KE, et al. Epidemiology of and Surveillance for Postpartum Infectious. Emerg Infect Dis. Sep-Oct 2001. 7(5):837-41. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text].

3. Adair FL. The American Committee of Maternal Welfare, Inc: The Chairman's Address. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1935. 30:868.

4. Haas DM, Morgan S, Contreras K, Enders S. Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 17. 7:CD007892. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

5. Monif GR, Baker DA. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 6th ed. Informa HealthCare; 2008.

6. Atterbury JL, Groome LJ, Baker SL, Ross EL, Hoff C. Hospital readmission for postpartum endometritis. J Matern Fetal Med. 1998 Sep-Oct. 7(5):250-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

7. Newton ER, Prihoda TJ, Gibbs RS. A clinical and microbiologic analysis of risk factors for puerperal endometritis. Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Mar. 75(3 Pt 1):402-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

8. Maharaj D. Puerperal Pyrexia: a review. Part II. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2007 Jun. 62(6):400-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

9. Bauer ME, Bateman BT, Bauer ST, et al. Maternal sepsis mortality and morbidity during hospitalization for delivery: temporal trends and independent associations for severe sepsis. Anesth Analg. 2013 Oct. 117(4):944-50. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

10. Schwartz MA, Wang CC, Eckert LO, Critchlow CW. Risk factors for urinary tract infection in the postpartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Sep. 181(3):547-53. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

11. Chang J, Elam-Evans LD, Berg CJ, Herndon J, Flowers L, Seed KA, et al. Pregnancy-related mortality surveillance--United States, 1991--1999. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2003 Feb 21. 52(2):1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

12. Garcia J, Aboujaoude R, Apuzzio J, Alvarez JR. Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis: diagnosis and management. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006. 2006:15614. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

13. Chaim W, Burstein E. Postpartum infection treatments: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003 Aug. 4(8):1297-313. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

14. French LM, Smaill FM. Antibiotic regimens for endometritis after delivery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 2004. 18(4):CD001067. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

15. Mackeen AD, Packard RE, Ota E, Speer L. Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 2. 2:CD001067. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

16. Amir LH, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM clinical protocol #4: Mastitis, revised March 2014. Breastfeed Med. 2014 Jun. 9 (5):239-43. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

17. [Guideline] American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep. 108(3):776-89. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

18. Kaiser J, McPherson V, Kaufman L, Huber T. Clinical inquiries. Which UTI therapies are safe and effective during breastfeeding?. J Fam Pract. 2007 Mar. 56(3):225-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

19. Wagenlehner FM, Weidner W, Naber KG. An update on uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Curr Opin Urol. 2009 Jul. 19(4):368-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

20. Cipro package insert. West Have, Conn. Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation. April 2009.

21. Grady R. Safety profile of quinolone antibiotics in the pediatric population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Dec. 22(12):1128-32. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

22. Bar-Oz B, Bulkowstein M, Benyamini L, Greenberg R, Soriano I, Zimmerman D. Use of antibiotic and analgesic drugs during lactation. Drug Saf. 2003. 26(13):925-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

23. Nabhan AF, Allam NE, Hamed Abdel-Aziz Salama M. Routes of administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infection after caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 17. CD011876. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

24. Bonet M, Ota E, Chibueze CE, Oladapo OT. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis after normal vaginal birth for reducing maternal infectious morbidity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 13. 11:CD012137. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

25. [Guideline] Faure K, Dessein R, Vanderstichele S, Subtil D. [Postpartum endometritis: CNGOF and SPILF Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases Guidelines]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2019 Mar 16. [QxMD MEDLINE Link].

Andy W Wong, MD Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital

Andy W Wong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Emergency Medicine Residents' Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Adam J Rosh, MD Assistant Professor, Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Department of Emergency Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine

Adam J Rosh, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Mark L Zwanger, MD, MBA, FACEP Emergency Medicine Physician

Mark L Zwanger, MD, MBA, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Bruce M Lo, MD, MBA, RDMS, FACEP, FAAEM, FACHE, FAAPL, CPE Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital; Medical Director, Sentara Transfer Center; Professor and Assistant Program Director, Core Academic Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Board Member, American Academy of Emergency Medicine

Bruce M Lo, MD, MBA, RDMS, FACEP, FAAEM, FACHE, FAAPL, CPE is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American Association for Physician Leadership, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Healthcare Executives, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Emergency Nurses Association, Medical Society of Virginia

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Assaad J Sayah, MD, FACEP President and Chief Executive Officer, Cambridge Health Alliance

Assaad J Sayah, MD, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Massachusetts Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Elicia Kennedy, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.

Elicia Kennedy is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Andy W Wong, MD Resident Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital

Andy W Wong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Emergency Medicine Residents Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

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